Breeding Red Raspberry for Resistance to Diseases and Pests

Keep, Elizabeth

doi:10.1002/9781118061039.ch7

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…clones able to survive, reproduce on and/or cause injury to a cultivated plant that is resistant to other clones of the same species) indicates that some aphid species can adapt to plant resistance genes. The gene Ag1 , which confers resistance to Amphorophora agathonica , was extensively used in raspberry for fifty years before a resistance-breaking biotype appeared [ 6 ]. Resistance to Nasonovia ribisnigri is conferred by the Nr gene in lettuce, and breakdown of this resistance occurred 10 years after the gene’s wide deployment [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NBS-LRR-mediated resistance triggered by aphids: viruses do not adapt; aphids adapt via different mechanisms

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAphids are serious pest on crops. By probing with their stylets, they interact with the plant, they vector viruses and when they reach the phloem they start a continuous ingestion. Many plant resistances to aphids have been identified, several have been deployed. However, some resistances breaking down have been observed. In the melon, a gene that confers resistance to aphids has been deployed in some melon-producing areas, and aphid colony development on Vat-carrying plants has been observed in certain agrosystems. The Vat gene is a NBS-LRR gene that confers resistance to the aphid species Aphis gossypii and exhibits the unusual characteristic of also conferring resistance to non-persistently transmitted viruses when they are inoculated by the aphid. Thus, we characterized patterns of resistance to aphid and virus using the aphid diversity and we investigated the mechanisms by which aphids and viruses may adapt to the Vat gene.ResultsUsing a Vat-transgenic line built in a susceptible background, we described the Vat- spectrum of resistance to aphids, and resistance to viruses triggered by aphids using a set of six A. gossypii biotypes. Discrepancies between both resistance phenotypes revealed that aphid adaptation to Vat-mediated resistance does not occur only via avirulence factor alterations but also via adaptation to elicited defenses. In experiments conducted with three virus species serially inoculated by aphids from and to Vat plants, the viruses did not evolve to circumvent Vat-mediated resistance.We confirmed discrepancies between both resistance phenotypes by testing each aphid biotype with a set of thirteen melon accessions chosen to reflect the natural diversity of the melon. Inheritance studies revealed that patterns of resistance to virus triggered by aphids are controlled by different alleles at the Vat locus and at least another locus located at a short genetic distance. Therefore, resistance to viruses triggered by aphids is controlled by a gene cluster.ConclusionsUnder the Flor model, changes in the avirulence gene determine the ability of the pathogen to overcome the resistance conferred by a plant gene. The Vat gene belongs to a resistance gene family that fits this pest/pathogen–plant interaction, and we revealed an additional mechanism of aphid adaptation that potentially exists in other interactions between plants and pests or pathogens.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0708-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NBS-LRR-mediated resistance triggered by aphids: viruses do not adapt; aphids adapt via different mechanisms

et al. 2016

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“…is a damaging disease at the southern limits of the raspberry-growing regions in the USA and Europe, where under warm humid conditions plants can be killed. Most cultivated raspberries are susceptible to the disease, with the exception of the red raspberries 'Ranere,' 'Dixie,' 'Pyne's Royal,' 'Bath Perfection,' 'Citria,' 'Fertodi Rubina,' and 'Iskra' and the purple/black raspberries 'Potomac' and 'Evens' (Darrow 1937 ;Hall et al 2009 (Keep 1989 ) . However, few modern cultivars can withstand pressure from this disease under warm humid conditions and little effort has been put into breeding for resistance.…”

Section: Resistance To Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sources of resistance include most black and purple raspberries (with the exception of 'Black Hawk,' 'Dundee,' and 'Munger' black raspberries and 'Cardinal' purple raspberry that are susceptible), as well as several Rubus sp. (Keep 1989 ;Finn and Hancock 2008 ;Hall et al 2009 ) .…”

Section: Resistance To Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aphid-borne raspberry viruses that are damaging include the raspberry mosaic virus complex (RMD), raspberry leafspot virus (RLSV), raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV), Rubus yellow net virus (RYNV), black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV), raspberry vein chlorosis virus (RVCV), and raspberry leaf curl virus (RLCV) (Keep 1989 ) . Sources of aphid resistance that in turn impart virus resistance have been well-documented ( Jennings et al 1991 ).…”

Section: Resistance To Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raspberry

Kempler

Hall²,

Finn

2011

Fruit Breeding

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The red raspberry, Rubus idaeus L., is a valuable crop that has recently increased in production, generating a large interest in commercial ventures and in research. Traditionally, most of the crop has been sold to processors for freezing, jam production, canning, juice and fl avorings for ice cream, yogurt, and other products, but in recent years fresh market production has increased and become a very important sector of this industry. There has been an increased interest in black, purple, and Arctic raspberries because of their high nutraceutical value. R. idaeus, a diploid (2 n = 14), is included in the Idaeobatus and is the most important commercial species in this subgenus. The fl owers are hermaphroditic; however, in some cases, they are unisexual, especially among wild species. Domestication of raspberries is comparably recent as it occurred less than 500 years ago. Red raspberries are widely distributed in all temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America with the greatest diversity in China. Enriching the cultivated gene pool by incorporating the unique genetics from wild germplasm to meet the challenges that lie ahead is desired. Breeding goals are the improvement of fruit quality which includes selection for better preharvest hanging ability and postharvest shelf life and processed quality. Resistance to heat and cold and resistance to pests and disease are also important, as well as large fruit size, good presentation, and ease of harvest. Fruit color of the newer cultivars varies from very dark red to a light orange-red and there has become a tradition of cultivar selection (eds.), Fruit Breeding, Handbook of Plant Breeding 8, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_8, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 264 C. Kempler et al.specifi cally for processing or for fresh market. There are now approximately 50 active raspberry breeding programs in 26 countries, mostly in Europe and North America. Use of molecular markers for genetic studies and mapping is referenced; however, in this crop, it is at an early stage with only a few genes mapped.

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“…Resistance to A. idaei is derived from a variety of sources, including red and black raspberry. Keep (1989) indicated that the use of these resistance genes has been very effective in slowing the spread of aphid-vectored viruses in red raspberry at East Malling, UK. At the Scottish Crop Research Institute (Invergowrie), virus infection rates in plots of resistant cultivars was less than 10% after 3 years, while 100% of susceptible plants became infected during the same period (Jones, 1976).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Resistance to the Large Raspberry Aphid in Black Raspberry

Dossett¹,

Finn²

2010

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The large raspberry aphid (Amphorophora agathonica Hottes) is an important vector of viruses in Rubus L. across North America. Although breeding for aphid resistance has long been recognized as an important tool for protecting red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) from viral infection, this is the first report of resistance to A. agathonica in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.). Seedlings from 132 wild populations of black raspberries, representing the species' native range, were screened for resistance to A. agathonica. Strong resistance was found in three of these populations, one from Ontario (ORUS 3778), one from Maine (ORUS 3817), and one from Michigan (ORUS 4109). Resistance to the large raspberry aphid in ORUS 3778 and ORUS 3817 is dominant and appears to be conferred by different genes. We propose that the genes for resistance in ORUS 3778 and ORUS 3817 be designated Ag4 and Ag5, respectively. Resistance to A. agathonica in ORUS 4109 also appears to be controlled by a dominant allele at a single locus, but cannot be differentiated from Ag4 at this time.

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Breeding Red Raspberry for Resistance to Diseases and Pests

Cited by 9 publications

References 162 publications

NBS-LRR-mediated resistance triggered by aphids: viruses do not adapt; aphids adapt via different mechanisms

NBS-LRR-mediated resistance triggered by aphids: viruses do not adapt; aphids adapt via different mechanisms

Raspberry

Identification of Resistance to the Large Raspberry Aphid in Black Raspberry

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