Breeding Phenology and Success of Black Swifts in Box Canyon, Ouray, Colorado

Hirshman, Sue E.; Gunn, Carolyn; Levad, Richard G.

doi:10.1676/06-112.1

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…). It amounts to 71% of all clutches in the white‐throated needletail Hirundapus caudacutus (Nuefeldt & Ivanov, ; Yonekawa & Kawabe, ), 72% in C. pelagica (Dexter, ), 81% in the short‐tailed swift Chaetura brachyura (Snow, ), 93% in A. apus (Haywood, ), 100% in A. spodiopygius (Tarburton, ), and to 100% in C. niger (Hirshman et al ., ). In light of this, we may conclude that a 48‐h shift earlier or later in timing of follicular disruption will respectively decrease or increase the developmental maximum and minimum clutch size by one egg, as the model predicts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…According to data collected by Hirshman, Gunn & Levad () in C. niger , two females that lost the first egg of a clutch on the day it was laid did not lay another egg for at least 11 days, a lapse long enough to assume that the second egg corresponds to a replacement clutch. The sample size was small, but this result argues in favour of the model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of heterochronic change and stasis for clutch size in swifts (Apodiformes)

Haywood¹

2014

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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Since the mid-1800s, explanations in evolution have focused on adaptivity and natural selection, largely at the expense of factors internal to the organism. Today, the importance of internal factors is no longer in dispute. Progress continues to lag, however, on the design of a framework that would allow the integration of their action in evolution. Herein, as part of a wider effort aimed at testing the functionality of the general principle based upon the embryological concepts of induction, competence, and determination (dubbed developmental determination), I present a model for the evolution of clutch size in swifts. It is structured around the physiological mechanism controlling the trait. In indeterminate laying species, it involves an exogenous signal to the female, or induction, and the acquired ability to respond to this signal, or competence. The model explains, with the action of natural selection, how a 2-day shift in the onset of competence induces change in clutch size among species. Through the origin of induction, it predicts the evolutionary transition from indeterminate to determinate laying. Finally, in some species that are indifferent to the general increase in clutch size with latitude, it reveals how both types of developmental transformation may operate to create stasis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of heterochronic change and stasis for clutch size in swifts (Apodiformes)

Haywood¹

2014

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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“…The main reported causes of nestling loss are hunger, hypothermia, falling from nests, floods, rock falls, predation, ectoparasites, human disturbance, and unsuccessful attempts to leave the nest (Whitacre 1989, Marín and Stiles 1992, Hirshman et al 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field identification is often difficult, as it is frequently confused with the Great Dusky Swift (Stopiglia and Raposo 2007). Most species of the genus Cypseloides show high nest site fidelity, nesting on vertical rock walls next to or behind waterfalls in niches or crevices that are inaccessible to terrestrial and aerial predators (Lack 1956, Collins 1980, Marín and Stiles 1992, Knorr 1993, Hirshman et al 2007, Biancalana et al 2012. Accessible nest sites provide good opportunities to better understand the reproductive habits of certain species and allow for search and modeling studies on the possible occurrence of other sites, as was illustrated for the Black Swift in the USA (Altman 2003, Levad et al 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Breeding biology of the Sooty Swift (Cypseloides fumigatus) in São Paulo, Brazil

Biancalana

2015

The Wilson Journal of Ornithology

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“…On the other hand, studies of cliff-nesting birds report a significant effect of the distance from the top of the cliff on hatching success (Harris et al, 1997). Perhaps predation risk at the nest is not a main concern in swift species, as has been shown in the american black swift Cypseloides níger (Hirshman et al, 2007), but we cannot disregard predation risk as the main explanation for the height of cavity selection in the Ávila walls as swift nests were not found in high and low holes suitable for breeding. A plausible explanation is that swifts avoid the highest and lowest holes due to the presence of mice, a potential predator of eggs in other species of Apus (Penloup and Martin, 1995;Penloup et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hole Selection by Nesting Swifts in Medieval City-Walls of Central Spain

Corrales

Bautista

Santamaría

et al. 2013

Ardeola

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SUMMARY.-Disturbance and predation risks from terrestrial animals decline the higher up the nest sites selected by birds that nest in wall cavities are located. Terrestrial predators can also negate the protective quality of higher nesting sites by approaching from above in walls. It is unknown how terrestrial predation risks from below and above walls determine nest site selection in cavity-nesting species. In relation to this situation, we describe nest-site selection in common swifts Apus apus in the medieval city walls of Ávila, Spain. We recorded the entry size, hole depth and the horizontal and vertical positions of cavities. Most cavities were empty despite their size being suitable for nesting. Swifts nested in cavities at least 12 cm deep and with an entry between 3.5 cm and 13 cm wide. Nests were 3.5 m above the ground and 1.7 m below the top of the wall, although there were suitable cavities at the lower and higher extremes, respectively. Higher predation risks and disturbances could explain why suitable cavities were empty at lower and higher heights. The distances to the ground and to the top of the wall, as well as the distance to the nearest corner, accounted for about one-tenth of the probability that a cavity was used for nesting. Our data do not indicate a possible reason for nesting near corners, but weather is an obvious candidate.Key words: Apus apus, castle, cavity-nesting, common swift, nest selection.RESUMEN.-Las molestias y el riesgo de depredación por animales terrestres determinan que las aves que emplean paredes para anidar seleccionen cavidades a mayor altura. También podrían seleccionar el lugar del nido a menor altura si los depredadores terrestres se encuentran presentes encima de la pared, pero se desconoce cual es la selección de cavidades para anidar cuando hay riesgo de depredación terrestre en ambos lados de la pared. Para dilucidarlo, estudiamos la selección de cavidades en el vencejo común Apus apus en las murallas medievales de Ávila, España. Registramos el tamaño de la entrada, la profundidad de orificio y las posiciones horizontal y vertical de las cavidades. La mayor parte de las cavidades se encontraron vacías, incluso cuando su tamaño era apropiado para anidar. Los vencejos anidaron en cavidades con una profundidad de al menos 12 cm y orificios de entrada no más pequeños de 3,5 cm ni mayores de 13 cm. Las oquedades con nidos no se encontraron a menos de

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Breeding Phenology and Success of Black Swifts in Box Canyon, Ouray, Colorado

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Mechanisms of heterochronic change and stasis for clutch size in swifts (Apodiformes)

Mechanisms of heterochronic change and stasis for clutch size in swifts (Apodiformes)

Breeding biology of the Sooty Swift (Cypseloides fumigatus) in São Paulo, Brazil

Hole Selection by Nesting Swifts in Medieval City-Walls of Central Spain

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