Breeding of Moricandia arvensis Monosomic Chromosome Addition Lines (2n=19) of Alloplasmic (M. arvensis) Raphanus sativus.

Abstract

By backcrossing to Raphanus sativus cv. 'Pink ball', 55 BC 2 plants were obtained from two sesquidiploidal BC 1 plants (MaRR, 2n = 32) between Moricandia arvensis (MaMa, 2n = 28) and R. sativus (RR, 2n = 18). Their somatic chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 18 to 2n = 23, except for one hyperploid plant with 2n = 44. In the BC 3 generation, 64 plants (2n = 19) were generated from 16 BC 2 plants with 2n = 19~23. Each plant with 2n = 19 exhibited both morphological and physiological characteristics diagnostic for the presence of an added chromosome of M. arvensis genome, and showed predominantly the chromosome pairing type of 9II + 1I at metaphase I of PMCs. They were classified into twelve (a~l) types of monosomic chromosome addition lines (MALs) of alloplasmic (M. arvensis) R. sativus carrying M. arvensis cytoplasm by their morphological, physiological and cytogenetical characteristics. The mean of seed setting in the twelve types of MALs ranged from 2.88 grains (f-type) to 0.51 grains (j-type) per pollinated flower when they were backcrossed to R. sativus cv. 'Pink ball'. The transmission rates to the next generation through female gametes ranged from 32.5 % (f-and j-types) to 5.5 % (h-type) when smaller seeds were selectively grown. The specific characteristics of each type of MALs were transmitted from the BC 3 generation to the BC 4 and BC 5 ones without any modification. The MALs of the distinctive twelve types were also identified using RAPD markers in the BC 5 generation. Pollen fertility of the twelve types of MALs ranged from 85.6 % (c-type) to 3.4 % (l-type), although four types (g-, h-, i-and jtypes) exhibited complete male sterility. Furthermore, alloplasmic (M. arvensis) R. sativus plants (2n = 18) which were derived from male fertile MALs showed complete male sterility. The twelve types of MALs produced in this study should be useful materials to determine the localization of genes for agronomic traits on the individual chromosome of M. arvensis and the alloplasmic (M. arvensis) R. sativus should also be a useful material for the development of a new cytoplasmic male sterility system in R. sativus.

Production of Intergeneric Hybrids between the C3-C4 Intermediate Species Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. and Raphanus sativus L.

“…rapa MALs generated in the progenies through female and male gametes of the BC 1 hybrids (RRA genome) were 50.9 % and 40.0 %, respectively, although in the BC 1 hybrids (RRA genome) more heterogenetic pairings were observed than in the present BC 1 hybrids (DtRR genome). As for the development of MALs with the genetic background of R. sativus, the proportions of MALs produced through female gametes of the BC 1 hybrids were 25 % for B. oleracea (Kaneko et al 1987) and 20 % for M. arvensis (Bang et al 2002). Matsuzawa et al (1996) classified the five lines with genetic modifications into autoplasmic and alloplasmic ones.…”

“…Bang et al (1996a) reported similar instances in the reciprocal crossings between M. arvensis and R. sativus, where the F 1 hybrids could not be obtained when R. sativus was used as pistillate parent. However, seven M. arvensis autoplasmic MALs of R. sativus could be produced through male gametes of eight M. arvensis alloplasmic MALs of R. sativus (Bang et al 1997b(Bang et al , 2002. Therefore, if eleven D. tenuifolia alloplasmic MALs of R. sativus were produced from the BC 2 hybrids obtained in this study and then if they displayed pollen fertility, complete sets of eleven D. tenuifolia autoplasmic MALs of R. sativus might be obtained through male gametes of the alloplasmic MALs in addition to the BC 1 hybrids.…”

“…Their progeny, however, could hardly be obtained due to intrinsic cross incompatibility in the successive backcrossings to the cultivated crops. Bang et al (1996aBang et al ( , 2002 developed F 1 hybrids by overcoming the barriers in the intergeneric crossing between M. arvensis and R. sativus, and then induced their backcrossed progenies by the embryo rescue technique followed by chromosome doubling of the F 1 hybrids. Moreover, they bred twelve types of M. arvensis monosomic addition lines (MALs) of alloplasmic (M. arvensis) R. sativus in the following generation.…”

Production of Raphanus sativus (C3)-Moricandia arvensis (C3-C4 intermediate) Monosomic and Disomic Addition Lines with Each Parentl Cytoplasmic Background and their Photorespiratory Characteristics

“…As shown in Fig. 1, M. arvensis MALs of alloplasmic R. sativus having M. arvensis cytoplasm were produced and they were classified into twelve types (MaR-a -l, 2n = 19) by their morphological, physiological and cytological characteristics (Bang et al, 2002). The twelve types have been maintained by backcrossing to R. sativus cv.…”

“…Among the species of Brassicaceae in which C 4 species have not yet been found, other C 3 -C 4 intermediate species have also been found within the genera Moricandia, Diplotaxis and Brassica (Apel et al, 1997). M. ar vensis, which was the first-reported C 3 -C 4 intermediate species in the Brassicaceae (Apel et al, 1978;Holaday et al, 1981), has attracted the attention of breeders because its traits can be introgressed into cultivated crops to improve their photosynthetic efficiency (Apel et al, 1984;Toriyama et al, 1987;Takahata, 1990;Takahata and Takeda, 1990;Kirti et al, 1992;Takahata et al, 1993;Razmjoo et al, 1996;Bang et al, 1996Bang et al, , 2002Bang et al, , 2007Ishikawa et al, 2003).…”