Breeding of a new food barley cultivar "Shiratae Nijo" exhibiting no after-cooking discoloration

Abstract

Shiratae Nijo is a new two-rowed food barley cultivar bred at the National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region (KONARC) in collaboration with the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) and released in 2009. Shiratae Nijo is a proanthocyanidin-free cultivar bred by backcross breeding using a leading cultivar Nishinohoshi as a recurrent parent and a foreign proanthocyanidin-free mutant ant28-494 as a nonrecurrent parent. The agronomic characteristics of Shiratae Nijo are almost the same as those of Nishinohoshi which has high yield performance and high resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) type I and powdery mildew. Like Nishinohoshi, Shiratae Nijo shows high resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) at the anthesis stage but is susceptible 10 days after anthesis. Shiratae Nijo exhibits significantly weaker seed dormancy than Nishinohoshi. Shiratae Nijo has excellent pearling quality, and the pearled grains show no discoloration and high whiteness after cooking because of the lack of catechin and proanthocyanidin in the grains.

Isolation and Identification of Flavonoids Accumulated in Proanthocyanidin-free Barley

“…To resolve these problems, proanthocyanidin-free mutants have been collected and localized to complementation groups, Ant genes, at the Carlsberg Laboratory in Denmark . In Japan, proanthocyanidin-free cultivars and lines have been developed by backcross breeding using a leading cultivar, Nishinohoshi, as a recurrent parent and a proanthocyanidin-free mutant as a nonrecurrent parent at the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization …”

“…4 In Japan, proanthocyanidin-free cultivars and lines have been developed by backcross breeding using a leading cultivar, Nishinohoshi, as a recurrent parent and a proanthocyanidin-free mutant as a nonrecurrent parent at the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. 5 Proanthocyanidin-free mutants have been used for biochemical studies of flavonoid biosynthesis and for characterization of genes involved in this pathway. 4 Although Ant 17 and Ant 22 are located on different chromosomes, 6 both mutants of ant 17 and ant 22 lack catechin and proanthocyanidins but accumulate a flavanone homoeriodictyol (3) and a flavone chrysoeriol (7).…”

“…14,15 However, flavonoids accumulated in the proanthocyanidin-free mutants have not yet been isolated and identified thoroughly. In this paper, we describe the isolation and structure elucidation of a new flavanone, (2RS)-dihydrotricin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), known flavanones (2RS)-dihydrotricin ( 2) and (2RS)-homoeriodictyol (3), and known flavones chry- (5), tricin (6), and chrysoeriol (7) accumulated in iso ant 17 of Nishinohoshi and the determination of isolated compounds (1À7) in iso ant 13, iso ant 17, and iso ant 22 of Nishinohoshi and other cultivars.…”

Breeding of Kirari-mochi: A new two-rowed waxy hull-less barley cultivar with superior quality characteristics

“…Previously, a proanthocyanidin-free breeding line of malting barley showed a high level of pre-harvest sprouting, as reported by Nagamine et al (2006). Moreover, a proanthocyanidinfree cultivar developed by backcross breeding exhibited significantly lower seed dormancy than its recurrent parent (Tonooka et al 2010a). These observations indicate that proanthocyanidin-free grains have a negative effect on seed dormancy in barley.…”

“…The proanthocyanidins in barley are polyphenols, and oxidation of these polyphenols cause this heat-induced browning reaction (Kohyama et al 2001); therefore, proanthocyanidinfree mutants have been used to reduce browning. Recently, the cultivars "Shiratae-Nijo" (Tonooka et al 2010a) and "Tochinoibuki" were released. Both cultivars carry the allele ant28.494, which gives rise to proanthocyanidin-free grains.…”