“…The probability of breeding migration depended upon mating opportunities within the population of origin, determined by male age and local availability of reproductive females (Hogg & Forbes, 1997; Lassis et al, 2022a). Therefore, the probability of male i of age and population of origin to migrate temporally into the other population between times t and t + 1 was derived from Lassis et al (2022a) as:where is the flow scale between populations (values in Tables S5 and S6). Parameters are the regression coefficients of age and demographic characteristics on male breeding migration rate (literature estimates in Table S3); the adult sex ratio (Equation ); and the number of competing males in the population of origin.…”