Breeding Improved Grasses for Semiarid Rangelands

Asay, K. H.; Chatterton, N. J.; Jensen, Kevin B.; Jones, Thomas A.; Waldron, Blair L.; Horton, W. H.

doi:10.1080/713936115

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In contrast, Russian wildrye and both prostrate kochia materials experienced significant increases in downy brome cover between 2004 and 2006. Successful establishment of Siberian wheatgrass and favorable competition with weeds following rangeland seedings have also been documented by others (Asay et al 2003;Waldron et al 2005). It also is likely that weed control in prostrate kochia plots will improve over time, because young stands are known to provide poor initial control of downy brome, but control improves after 5 to 10 yr (Monaco et al 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Variable Impacts of Imazapic Rate on Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Seeded Species in Two Rangeland Communities

Morris

Monaco

Rigby

2009

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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The herbicide imazapic is registered for use on rangelands and provides effective short-term control of certain invasive annual grasses. However, details about optimal application rates for downy brome and susceptibility of simultaneously seeded species are lacking. Thus, we investigated downy brome and seeded species responses to variable rates of imazapic (0, 35, 70, 105, and 140 g ai/ha) in two plant communities (salt desert shrub and Wyoming big sagebrush). In autumn 2003, plots were treated with imazapic and seeded with one of five perennial plant materials (Siberian wheatgrass [‘Vavilov’ and the experimental source Kazak]; prostrate kochia [‘Immigrant’ and the experimental source 6X], and Russian wildrye [‘Bozoisky II’]). Downy brome cover and seeded species establishment were evaluated in spring 2004 and 2006. Downy brome cover in 2004 decreased with increasing imazapic rate at both sites, although more so at the Wyoming big sagebrush site. In 2006, no difference in downy brome cover existed among herbicide rates at the Wyoming big sagebrush site. At the salt desert shrub site, the high rate of imazapic reduced downy brome cover by about 25% compared to untreated plots. ‘Vavilov’ Siberian wheatgrass was the only seeded species with lower downy brome cover in 2006 than 2004. Seeded species establishment increased with imazapic rate in the salt desert shrub community, but in the Wyoming big sagebrush community it peaked at intermediate rates and declined at higher rates. Variation in downy brome control and seeded species establishment might have been associated with differences in precipitation, soil organic matter, and disturbance history between sites. Overall, imazapic was useful for helping establish desirable perennial species, but unless downy brome is reduced below a critical threshold, favorable precipitation can return sites to pretreatment levels within two years.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Nevski]. These five species were selected for evaluation based on their successful establishment on similar ecological sites (Asay et al 2003;Monaco et al 2003;Newhall et al 2004). Grasses were seeded with a lightweight plot drill 4 on 11 November 2003 at a rate of 1.2 pure live seeds/cm to a depth of 1.3 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Impacts of Imazapic Rate on Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Seeded Species in Two Rangeland Communities

Morris

Monaco

Rigby

2009

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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“…If we define a highly productive genotype as one that maintains high productivity under both drought and non-drought conditions, then E. wawawaiensis is the more productive of the two species. Although claims have previously been made that Secar E. wawawaiensis is relatively more drought resistant in comparison to P. spicata (Morrison and Kelley 1981;Asay et al 2001), this study is the first to provide an explanation of its drought tolerance based on functional traits. While we correctly hypothesized that E. wawawaiensis would be the more drought tolerant of the two species, our predictions regarding associated functional traits were only partially correct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Drought tolerance in two perennial bunchgrasses used for restoration in the Intermountain West, USA

et al. 2010

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An ideal restoration species for the semiarid Intermountain West, USA would be one that grows rapidly when resources are abundant in the spring, yet tolerates summer's drought. We compared two perennial C 3, Triticeae Intermountain-native bunchgrasses, the widely occurring Pseudoroegneria spicata and the much less widespread Elymus wawawaiensis, commonly used as a restoration surrogate for P. spicata. Specifically, we evaluated seedlings of multiple populations of each species for biomass production, water use, and morphological and physiological traits that might relate to drought tolerance under three watering frequencies (WFs) in a greenhouse. Shoot biomass of E. wawawaiensis exceeded that of P. spicata regardless of WF. At low WF, E. wawawaiensis displayed 38% greater shoot biomass, 80% greater specific leaf area (SLA), and 32% greater precipitation use efficiency (PUE). One E. wawawaiensis population, E-46, displayed particularly high root biomass and water consumption at high WF. We suggest that such a plant material could be especially effective for restoration of Intermountain rangelands by preempting early-season weeds for spring moisture and also achieving high PUE. Our data explain how E. wawawaiensis has been so successful as a restoration surrogate for P. spicata and highlight the importance of measuring functional traits such as PUE and SLA when characterizing restoration plant materials.

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“…Invasive annual plants such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) create unfavorable conditions for perennial vegetation by changing soil structure and properties (Norton et al 2004(Norton et al , 2007. Reseeding these disturbed sites with genetically improved cultivars that establish in the presence of undesirable vegetation is often the most effective and economically feasible way to improve such sites (Asay et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stand Establishment and Persistence of Perennial Cool-Season Grasses in the Intermountain West and the Central and Northern Great Plains

Robins

Jensen

Jones

et al. 2013

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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The choice of plant materials is an important component of revegetation following disturbance. To determine the utility and effectiveness of various perennial grass species for revegetation on varied landscapes, a meta analysis was used to evaluate the stand establishment and persistence of 18 perennial cool-season grass species in 34 field studies in the Intermountain and Great Plains regions of the United States under monoculture conditions. Combined across the 34 studies, stand establishment values ranged from 79% to 43% and stand persistence values ranged from 70% to 0%. Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium [Host] Barkworth & D. R. Dewey), tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum [Podp.] Z.-W. Liu & R.-C. Wang), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron spp.), Siberian wheatgrass (Agropyron fragile [Roth] P. Candargy), and meadow brome (Bromus riparius Rehmann) possessed the highest stand establishment (! 69%). There were no significant differences among the 12 species with the largest stand persistence values. Basin wildrye (Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.)Á. Löve), Altai wildrye (Leymus angustus [Trin.] Pilg.), slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus [Link] Gould ex Shinners), squirreltail (Elymus spp.), and Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides [Roem. & Schult.] Barkworth) possessed lower stand persistence ( 32%) than the majority of the other species, and Indian ricegrass (0%) possessed the lowest stand persistence of any of the species.Correlations between environmental conditions and stand establishment and persistence showed mean annual study precipitation to have the most consistent, although moderate effect (r¼~0.40) for establishment and persistence. This relationship was shown by the relatively poor stand establishment and persistence of most species at sites receiving less than 310 mm of annual precipitation. These results will be a tool for land managers to make decisions concerning the importance of stand establishment, stand persistence, and annual precipitation for revegetation projects on disturbed sites.

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Breeding Improved Grasses for Semiarid Rangelands

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Variable Impacts of Imazapic Rate on Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Seeded Species in Two Rangeland Communities

Variable Impacts of Imazapic Rate on Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Seeded Species in Two Rangeland Communities

Drought tolerance in two perennial bunchgrasses used for restoration in the Intermountain West, USA

Stand Establishment and Persistence of Perennial Cool-Season Grasses in the Intermountain West and the Central and Northern Great Plains

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