Breeding for Resistance to Tomato Bacterial Diseases in China: Challenges and Prospects

Wang, Yuqing; Zhang, Yaxian; Gao, Zhipeng; Yang, Wencai

doi:10.1016/j.hpj.2018.08.004

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…CFU, colonyforming unit. quantitative trait loci (QTLs), have been mapped to date (Wang et al, 2018). The Bs4 gene in the cultivated tomato variety Moneymaker is the only one that has been cloned and characterized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genetics of resistance to tomato bacterial spot has been investigated for over two decades. Five single genes, Bs4 , Xv3 , Rx4 , RxopJ4 , and Rx LA1589 , as well as many quantitative trait loci (QTLs), have been mapped to date (Wang et al ., 2018). The Bs4 gene in the cultivated tomato variety Moneymaker is the only one that has been cloned and characterized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Solanum pimpinellifolium accession PI 128216, a NIL Rx4‐1806 carrying the Rx4 gene (Li et al ., 2019), and an unimporved breeding line Hawaii 7981 were used as resistant donors or controls. A processing tomato variety Ohio 88119, without resistance to bacterial spot (Wang et al ., 2018), was used as the susceptible control and the receptor of genetic transformation of the Rx4 gene. Nicotiana benthamiana was used for the Agrobacterium ‐mediated transient expression analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tomato protein Rx4 mediates the hypersensitive response to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans race T3

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

The Plant Journal

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Bacterial spot, which is caused by several Xanthomonas species, is an economically important disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Great efforts have been made for the identification of resistant sources and the genetic analysis of resistance. However, the development of resistant commercial varieties is slow due to the existence of multiple species of the pathogen and a poor understanding of the resistance mechanism in tomato. The current study revealed that the Rx4 gene encodes a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein in the wild tomato species Solanum pimpinellifolium and specifically recognizes and confers a hypersensitive response (HR) to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans race T3 expressing the AvrXv3 avirulence protein. Complementation of the Rx4 gene in the susceptible tomato line Ohio 88119 using a transgenic approach resulted in HR, whereas knockout of the gene through CRISPR/Cas9 editing in resistant lines Hawaii 7981 and PI 128216 led to non-HR to race T3. Transcription of Rx4 was not induced by the presence of race T3. Furthermore, the Rx4 protein did not show physical interaction with AvrXv3 but interacted with SGT1-1 and RAR1. Virus-induced gene silencing of SGT1-1 and RAR1 in the resistant line PI128216 suppressed the HR to race T3. Taken together, our study confirms Rx4 is the gene conferring the HR to bacterial spot race T3 and reveals the potential roles of SGT1-1 and RAR1 as signals in the Rx4-mediated HR. This discovery represents a step forward in our understanding of the mechanism of resistance to bacterial spot in tomato and may have important implications for understanding plant-bacterial interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tomato protein Rx4 mediates the hypersensitive response to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans race T3

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

The Plant Journal

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“…gardneri is a widespread disease in tomato production [1][2][3] . The disease can cause severe yield loss and fruit quality reduction in tomato 4,5 . Although the use of resistant varieties is the most effective approach for control of the disease, the existence of multiple species of Xanthomonas and quick shifts of species/races in the same region are among the most important causes of unsuccessful management of the disease [4][5][6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato SlPUB24 enhances resistance to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans race T3

Liu

Wang

et al. 2021

Hortic Res

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Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme accession PI 114490 has broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial spot caused by several species of Xanthomonas. Resistance is quantitatively inherited, and a common quantitative trait locus QTL-11B on chromosome 11 has been identified previously. In this study, the SlPub24 gene was characterized in QTL-11B. SlPub24 in PI 114490 was upregulated by infection with X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans race T3, but its transcription was low in the susceptible line OH 88119 whether or not it was infected by the pathogen. The differential expression of SlPub24 between PI 114490 and OH 88119 was due to great sequence variation in the promoter region. The promoter of SlPub24 in OH 88119 had very low activity and did not respond to pathogen infection. Transgenic lines of OH 88119 overexpressing SlPub24 isolated from PI 114490 showed significantly enhanced resistance, while mutants of Slpub24 generated by CRISPR/Cas9 editing showed more susceptibility to race T3 and to other races. The mutants also showed spontaneous cell death in leaves. The expression of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway gene phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and signaling-related genes pathogenesis-related (PR1) and nonexpresser of PR1 (NPR1) were influenced by SlPub24. The content of SA in tomato plants was consistent with the level of SlPub24 expression. Furthermore, SlPUB24 interacted with the cell wall protein SlCWP and could regulate the degradation of SlCWP. The expression levels of SlCWP and SlCWINV1, a cell wall invertase gene, showed opposite patterns during pathogen infection. The activity of SlCWINV1 was lower in mutants than in PI 114490. The results are discussed in terms of the roles of the abovementioned genes, and a potential model for SlPUB24-mediated resistance to bacterial spot is proposed.

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“…Different control strategies, such as chemical, biological, and cultural practices, can reduce bacterial wilt severity, but none of them are effective ( Yuliar et al 2015 ). Development and use of resistant cultivars is the most effective approach to control bacterial wilt ( Abebe et al 2016 , Huet 2014 , Scott et al 2005 , Wang et al 2018 ). Breeding for bacterial wilt-resistant cultivars has been challenging due to the polygenic nature of resistance, broad host range, variability of the pathogen strains, and effect of environmental factors that directly influence the phenotypic expression of the disease ( Danesh et al 1994 , Fegan and Prior 2005 , Hayward 1991 , Lee et al 2011 , Thoquet et al 1996b , Tran and Kim 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of diagnostic molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding against bacterial wilt in tomato

et al. 2020

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Bacterial wilt, caused by the Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum species complex, is an important vascular disease that limits tomato production in tropical and subtropical regions. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) of bacterial wilt resistance on chromosome 6 ( Bwr-6 ) and 12 ( Bwr-12 ) were previously identified in Solanum lycopersicum ‘Hawaii 7996’; however, marker-assisted breeding for bacterial wilt resistance is not well established. To dissect the QTL, six cleaved amplified polymorphic sites (CAPS) and derived CAPS (dCAPS) markers within the Bwr-6 region and one dCAPS marker near Bwr-12 were developed, and resistance levels in 117 tomato cultivars were evaluated. Two markers, RsR6-5 on chromosome 6 and RsR12-1 on chromosome 12, were selected based on the genotypic and phenotypic analysis. The combination of RsR6-5 and RsR12-1 effectively distinguishes resistant and susceptible cultivars. Furthermore, the efficiency of the two markers was validated in the F 3 generation derived from the F 2 population between E6203 (susceptible) and Hawaii 7998 (resistant). Resistant alleles at both loci led to the resistance to bacterial wilt. These markers will facilitate marker-assisted breeding of tomato resistant to bacterial wilt.

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Breeding for Resistance to Tomato Bacterial Diseases in China: Challenges and Prospects

Cited by 53 publications

References 65 publications

Tomato protein Rx4 mediates the hypersensitive response to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans race T3

Tomato protein Rx4 mediates the hypersensitive response to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans race T3

Tomato SlPUB24 enhances resistance to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans race T3

Development of diagnostic molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding against bacterial wilt in tomato

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