“…The traditional breeding for disease resistance is based on the screening of existing germplasms and the identification of interesting sources carrying natural disease resistance genes to be used for the plant improvement [77]. A roundup of examples of breeding on florists' crops, such as anthurium, gladiolus, hydrangea, lily, daffodil, and tulip, to obtain plant resistant to diseases has been reported by [78]. In the last few years, transgenic technologies have also enhanced ornamental plant features by modifying or engineering the plant genomes [79].…”
Section: Conventional Disease Management In Ornamental Plant Productionsmentioning
Ornamental plant production constitutes an important sector of the horticultural industry worldwide and fungal infections, that dramatically affect the aesthetic quality of plants, can cause serious economic and crop losses. The need to reduce the use of pesticides for controlling fungal outbreaks requires the development of new sustainable strategies for pathogen control. In particular, early and accurate large-scale detection of occurring symptoms is critical to face the ambitious challenge of an effective, energy-saving, and precise disease management. Here, the new trends in digital-based detection and available tools to treat fungal infections are presented in comparison with conventional practices. Recent advances in molecular biology tools, spectroscopic and imaging technologies and fungal risk models based on microclimate trends are examined. The revised spectroscopic and imaging technologies were tested through a case study on rose plants showing important fungal diseases (i.e., spot spectroscopy, hyperspectral, multispectral, and thermal imaging, fluorescence sensors). The final aim was the examination of conventional practices and current e-tools to gain the early detection of plant diseases, the identification of timing and spacing for their proper management, reduction in crop losses through environmentally friendly and sustainable production systems. Moreover, future perspectives for enhancing the integration of all these approaches are discussed.
“…The traditional breeding for disease resistance is based on the screening of existing germplasms and the identification of interesting sources carrying natural disease resistance genes to be used for the plant improvement [77]. A roundup of examples of breeding on florists' crops, such as anthurium, gladiolus, hydrangea, lily, daffodil, and tulip, to obtain plant resistant to diseases has been reported by [78]. In the last few years, transgenic technologies have also enhanced ornamental plant features by modifying or engineering the plant genomes [79].…”
Section: Conventional Disease Management In Ornamental Plant Productionsmentioning
Ornamental plant production constitutes an important sector of the horticultural industry worldwide and fungal infections, that dramatically affect the aesthetic quality of plants, can cause serious economic and crop losses. The need to reduce the use of pesticides for controlling fungal outbreaks requires the development of new sustainable strategies for pathogen control. In particular, early and accurate large-scale detection of occurring symptoms is critical to face the ambitious challenge of an effective, energy-saving, and precise disease management. Here, the new trends in digital-based detection and available tools to treat fungal infections are presented in comparison with conventional practices. Recent advances in molecular biology tools, spectroscopic and imaging technologies and fungal risk models based on microclimate trends are examined. The revised spectroscopic and imaging technologies were tested through a case study on rose plants showing important fungal diseases (i.e., spot spectroscopy, hyperspectral, multispectral, and thermal imaging, fluorescence sensors). The final aim was the examination of conventional practices and current e-tools to gain the early detection of plant diseases, the identification of timing and spacing for their proper management, reduction in crop losses through environmentally friendly and sustainable production systems. Moreover, future perspectives for enhancing the integration of all these approaches are discussed.
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi (Prill and Delacr.) (Fod) is a causal agent of wilt disease of carnation (Dianthus caryophyflus L.) with its different physiological races. Although eleven physiological races of Fod have been reported in the world, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic tool was developed for identification of Fod races 1, 2, 4, and 8, which are the most commonly found in many countries. On the other hand, there is no information about which races are found in Turkey. A total of 91 isolates were collected from plants with Fusarium-like symptoms in the most grown carnation areas in Antalya, İzmir, Isparta and Yalova provinces and all isolates were identified using molecular methods. As a conclusion, the results showed that Fod isolates collected from the most carnation grown provinces of Turkey consist mostly of race 1, 2 and 8. This is the first study reporting Fod races causing wilt disease on carnation plants in Turkey.
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