Breeding durum wheat in western Canada: Historical trends in yield and related variables

McCaig, T. N.; Clarke, J. M.

doi:10.4141/cjps95-009

Cited by 36 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Breeders attempting to develop semi-dwarf durum cultivars for the Brown soil zone should be aware of this as the fertility of semi-dwarf genotypes may be especially sensitive to high temperature (Law and Worland 1984). The conclusions of this study are also supported by previous research which demonstrated that the higher yields of new durum cultivars are entirely due to an increase in the number of kernels produced (McCaig and Clarke 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…While there are undoubtedly other climatic factors that may have contributed to increased yields, it seems unlikely that the climate has changed enough to account for the threefold yield increase over the 50 yr. Walker (1989) also concluded that weather, as it affected wheat yield, had not changed significantly over the period of 1900-1988 in western Canada. The most likely causes of the linear yield increase are genetic and management improvements, as discussed in a previous report (McCaig and Clarke 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mean yields have increased from less than 1000 kg ha -1 prior to 1950 to more than 3000 kg ha -1 in 1995. This increase may be due to improvements in climate, management practices, genotypes, or a combination of factors (McCaig and Clarke 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test has been grown for 50 yr at Swift Current, SK on a Swinton silt loam, an Orthic Brown Chernozem (Ayres et al 1985). Plot technique and management practices have changed over the years as discussed by McCaig and Clarke (1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature and precipitation effects on durum wheat grown in southern Saskatchewan for fifty years

McCaig¹

1997

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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McCaig, T. N. 1997. Temperature and precipitation effects on durum wheat grown in southern Saskatchewan for fifty years. Can. J. Plant Sci. 77: [215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223]. Approximately 60% of Canadian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) is produced in the semi-arid, Brown soil zone of southern Saskatchewan. The Durum Wheat Cooperative Test (DWCT) provides the means of evaluating potential new cultivars, and has been grown at Swift Current, located near the centre of the Brown soil zone in Saskatchewan, for more than 50 yr. Historical yield-related data from the DWCT were analyzed in conjunction with daily precipitation and maximum daily temperature (MaxDT) data with the objective of improving our understanding of the effects of these weather variables on durum wheat grown in this semi-arid region.The highest correlation between the weather variables and grain yield was during the period near the end of June through early July, approximately the time of anthesis. The correlation with kernel number m -2 (KNum) was maximum near the end of June, while the correlation with kernel weight was highest around the third week of July. The maximum effect of these weather factors in limiting yield in the Brown soil zone was through an impact on KNum around anthesis. Hectolitre weight and time-to-maturity appeared to be influenced mainly by the weather in July, while crop height was determined by the weather near the end of June. An analysis which examined cumulative heat-units above threshold MaxDT of 20, 24, 28 and 32°C indicated that temperatures >24°C may be detrimental during early June although high temperatures are less common in June than in July. Yield was also negatively impacted by temperatures >20°C during the first 3 wk of July.Future yield gains in this semi-arid region may be dependent upon the development of cultivars which are more tolerant of drought and high-temperature stress at anthesis. Key words:Triticum turgidum, kernel number, kernel weight, height, maturity, hectolitre weight McCaig, T. N. 1997. Effets de la température et des précipitations sur la croissance du blé dur dans le sud de la Saskatchewan au cours des 50 dernières années. Can. J. Plant Sci. 77: 215-223. Quelque 60% des emblavures de blé dur (Triticum turgidum L.) produit au Canada le sont dans la zone semi-aride des sols bruns du sud de la Saskatchewan. L'essai coopératif de variétés de blé dur (ECBD), le moyen actuellement utilisé pour l'évaluation des nouveaux cultivars est notamment conduit depuis plus de 50 ans à Swift Current, ville située presque au centre de la zone des sols bruns de la province. Nous avons analysé les données historiques de rendement obtenues dans le ECBD, en regard des données météorologiques : précipitations et maxima de température (TJMax) journalier, dans le but d'améliorer notre compréhension des effets de ces variables météorologiques sur le blé dur cultivé dans la région. Les plus fortes corrélations entre les variables météorologiques et le rendement en grain étaient observées dans la p...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature and precipitation effects on durum wheat grown in southern Saskatchewan for fifty years

McCaig¹

1997

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Therefore, the increase in yield due to stubble height was solely attributable to an increase in kernel numbers. On the Canadian prairies, genetic yield increases in wheat have resulted from an increase in kernel numbers rather than an increase in kernel size (McCaig and Clarke 1995;McCaig and DePauw 1995). Kernel numbers are determined prior to, and during, anthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stubble height effects on microclimate, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat grown in a semiarid climate on the Canadian prairies

Cutforth¹,

McConkey²

1997

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Stubble height effects on microclimate, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat grown in a semiarid climate on the Canadian Prairies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 77: 359-366. In the semiarid region of the western Canadian prairies, seeding directly into standing cereal stubble is gaining popularity. This four year study was conducted at Swift Current, SK, to determine how seeding into tall (>30 cm high), short (about 15 cm high) and cultivated cereal stubble altered the microclimate thereby affecting the growth and yield of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The treatments were deployed immediately before seeding on plots that had overwintered with tall stubble. Seeding wheat into tall stubble increased grain yield and water use efficiency by about 12% compared to wheat seeded into cultivated stubble. Yield and water use efficiency for wheat seeded into short stubble were intermediate to the other stubble treatments. As well, wheat seeded into tall stubble grew taller than wheat seeded into the cultivated stubble. Further, there was a tendency for spring wheat grown in tall stubble to produce more dry matter and more leaf area, to have a lower proportion of dry matter as leaves and a higher proportion as stems, and to have a lower harvest index than the other treatments.Growing season evapotranspiration (ET) was not affected by stubble height. When the seedlings were small, compared to cultivated stubble, tall stubble altered the microclimate near the soil surface by reducing the daily average windspeed, soil temperature, and incoming solar radiation, and increasing the reflected solar radiation. Throughout much of the growing season, potential ET at the soil surface, measured with minilysimeters, was significantly lower in the tall stubble. Tall stubble, compared to cultivated stubble, increased the proportion of ET that was transpired by the wheat. As well, reduced windspeeds and increased photosynthetic area may have increased the efficiency of net carbon assimilation. To increase grain yields, producers in the semiarid prairies who direct-seed spring wheat are advised to seed into stubble left standing as tall as practical (at least 30 cm). Dans la zone semi-aride des Prairies de l'Ouest canadien, le semis direct, sans pré-paration du sol, sur chaume de céréale gagne en popularité. L'objet de notre expérience de 4 ans, conduite à Swift Current (Saskatchewan) était de déterminer l'effet éventuel du semis sur chaume long (>30 cm de hauteur), sur chaume court (environ 15 cm) ou après déchaumage partiel, sur le microclimat et, partant, sur la croissance et sur le rendement du blé de printemps roux vitreux (Triticum aestivum L.). Les traitements culturaux étaient exécutés immédiatement avant le semis dans les parcelles laissées en chaume long depuis l'automne précédent. Le semis en chaume long accroissait le rendement grainier et l'efficience d'utilisation de l'eau (EUE) d'environ 12 % par rapport au semis sur les parcelles déchaumées. Le semis en chaume court donnait des résultats intermédiaires entre l...

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Quality characteristics and protein composition of durum wheat cultivars released in the last 50 years

et al. 2019

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Background and objectives Despite the strong influence of proteins on quality, no research has been performed to determine the association between protein composition and quality improvements of durum wheat produced in North Dakota (ND). This research objected to identify improvements of quality traits and determine its association with variations in protein composition using 32 durum genotypes released between 1956 and 2013 in ND. Findings Certain durum quality parameters, such as kernel weight, mixing properties, and pasta‐making characteristics, improved over the last 50 years of durum breeding. Total protein content showed nonsignificant variation; however, protein composition parameters varied significantly. Specifically, SDS extractable LMW polymeric proteins and gliadins decreased while unextractable polymeric proteins increased. These changes in protein composition parameters were significantly correlated with dough and pasta cooking quality traits. Conclusions Enhancement of protein composition is primarily responsible for the improvement of mixing quality and cooked pasta firmness seen in durum cultivars released over the last 50 years. Significance and novelty These findings demonstrate that genetic advancement of mixing and pasta quality traits can be attained by segregation of genotypes based on protein composition in durum wheat breeding.

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Breeding durum wheat in western Canada: Historical trends in yield and related variables

Cited by 36 publications

References 11 publications

Temperature and precipitation effects on durum wheat grown in southern Saskatchewan for fifty years

Temperature and precipitation effects on durum wheat grown in southern Saskatchewan for fifty years

Stubble height effects on microclimate, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat grown in a semiarid climate on the Canadian prairies

Quality characteristics and protein composition of durum wheat cultivars released in the last 50 years

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