Breeding Corn with High Provitamin A in the Grain<sup>1</sup>

Brunson, Arthur M.; Quackenbush, F. W.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1962.0011183x000200040020x

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The best 10 inbred lines identified from these trails had bcarotene content varying from 3.0 to 4.7 lg g -1 . The results of our study and others also show that inbred lines consistently maintain their specific carotenoid profiles in different replications and across locations and seasons (Brunson and Quackenbush 1962;Quackenbush et al 1966;Kurilich and Juvik 1999;Egesel et al 2003;Menkir et al 2008;Owens et al 2014;Suwarno et al 2015). These findings highlight the possibility of selecting suitable parental lines with diverse carotenoid profiles to improve concentrations of carotenoids in tropical maize.…”

Section: Genetic Potential For Provitamin a Enrichment In Maizesupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Carotenoid composition and content in maize are regulated by a complex genetic system and are largely controlled by additive gene effects with strong genotypic component in their inheritance (Egesel et al 2003;Islam et al 2004;Wong et al 2004;Senete et al 2011;Kandianis et al 2013;Owens et al 2014;Suwarno et al 2015). These critical genetic properties coupled with the capacity of genotypes to accumulate relatively stable amounts of individual carotenoids across diverse growing conditions (Brunson and Quackenbush 1962;Quackenbush et al 1966;Kurilich and Juvik 1999;Egesel et al 2003;Menkir et al 2008;Menkir et al 2014;Suwarno et al 2015) as well as the positive correlations among individual carotenoids (Kurilich and Juvik 1999;Menkir et al 2008;Owens et al 2014) and between grain yield and provitamin A content (Suwarno et al 2015;Menkir et al 2014) demonstrate that simultaneous increases in accumulation of provitamin-A and other carotenoids may be successfully made without compromising yield potential and other desirable agronomic and adaptive traits (Pfeiffer and McClafferty 2007;Bouis and Welch 2010;Menkir et al 2014).…”

Section: Genetic Potential For Provitamin a Enrichment In Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

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Accruing genetic gain in pro-vitamin A enrichment from harnessing diverse maize germplasm

et al. 2017

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Maize has been targeted as one of the major crops for provitamin enrichment and delivery because it is an inexpensive and easily available source of food for millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa. Although tropical-adapted yellow maize contains provitamin-A carotenoids that can be converted into vitamin A in the human body, they represent less than 25% of the total carotenoids in most widely grown and consumed maize cultivars in Africa. Novel genes conditioning high concentration of b-carotene and other carotenoids were then continually introduced from the temperate zone and tropics to boost provitamin A in tropical-adapted maize. Several promising inbred lines developed from backcrosses involving diverse exotic donor lines displayed provitamin A concentrations that match or surpass the current breeding target of 15 lg g -1 . Some of these lines attained high provitamin A content by accumulating mainly high b-carotene while others contained high provitamin A by promoting accumulation of high levels of both carotenes and xanthophylls. Several inbred lines with intermediate to high levels of provitamin A have already been used to develop hybrids and synthetics without compromising grain yield and other adaptive traits that are required to profitably cultivate maize by farmers in West and Central Africa.

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Section: Genetic Potential For Provitamin a Enrichment In Maizesupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Genetic Potential For Provitamin a Enrichment In Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

Accruing genetic gain in pro-vitamin A enrichment from harnessing diverse maize germplasm

et al. 2017

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“…Conventional breeding strategies, which exploit natural variation of the maize plant, have led to the isolation of a few high‐β‐carotene cultivars that provide upward of 66.6 μg total carotenoids and 13.6 μg β‐carotene/g DW (Brunson and Quackenbush 1962; Harjes and others 2008). However, transgenic and mutagenetic approaches have been more progressive.…”

Section: Current Trends In Improving Nutritional Quality Of Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

Maize: A Paramount Staple Crop in the Context of Global Nutrition

Nuss¹,

Tanumihardjo²

2010

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

514

350

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The maize plant (Zea mays), characterized by an erect green stalk, is one of the 3 great grain crops of the world. Its kernels, like other seeds, are storage organs that contain essential components for plant growth and reproduction. Many of these kernel constituents, including starch, protein, and some micronutrients, are also required for human health. For this reason, and others, maize has become highly integrated into global agriculture, human diet, and cultural traditions. The nutritional quality and integrity of maize kernels are influenced by many factors including genetic background, environment, and kernel processing. Cooking procedures, including nixtamalization and fermentation, can increase accessibility of micronutrients such as niacin. However, man cannot live on maize alone. For one‐third of the world's population, namely in sub‐Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America, humans subsist on maize as a staple food but malnutrition pervades. Strategies to further improve kernel macronutrient and micronutrient quality and quantities are under intense investigation. The 2 most common routes to enhance grain nutritional value are exogenous and endogenous fortification. Although exogenous fortification, such as addition of multivitamin premixes to maize flour, has been successful, endogenous fortification, also known as “biofortification,” may provide a more sustainable and practical solution for chronically undernourished communities. Recent accomplishments, such as low‐phytate, high‐lysine, and multivitamin maize varieties, have been created using novel genetic and agronomic approaches. Investigational studies related to biofortified maize are currently underway to determine nutrient absorption and efficacy related to human health improvement.

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“…Substantial variation in the levels of specific forms and in total levels of carotenoids has been shown (Weber 1987b). Moderate to high heritability estimates indicate that breeding for increased levels of both carotenes and xanthophylls should be feasible (Brunson and Quackenbush 1962;Blessin et al 1963b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QTL and candidate genes phytoene synthase and ζ-carotene desaturase associated with the accumulation of carotenoids in maize

et al. 2003

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Carotenoids are a class of fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin compounds present in maize ( Zea mays L.) that may provide health benefits to animals or humans. Four carotenoid compounds are predominant in maize grain: beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and lutein. Although beta-carotene has the highest pro-vitamin A activity, it is present in a relatively low concentration in maize kernels. We set out to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting carotenoid accumulation in maize kernels. Two sets of segregating families were evaluated-a set of F2:3 lines derived from a cross of W64a x A632, and their testcross progeny with AE335. Molecular markers were evaluated on the F2:3 lines and a genetic linkage map created. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to measure beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and lutein on both sets of materials. Composite interval mapping identified chromosome regions with QTL for one or more individual carotenoids in the per se and testcross progenies. Notably QTL in the per se population map to regions with candidate genes, yellow 1 and viviparous 9, which may be responsible for quantitative variation in carotenoids. The yellow 1 gene maps to chromosome six and is associated with phytoene synthase, the enzyme catalyzing the first dedicated step in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. The viviparous 9 gene maps to chromosome seven and is associated with zeta-carotene desaturase, an enzyme catalyzing an early step in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. If the QTL identified in this study are confirmed, particularly those associated with candidates genes, they could be used in an efficient marker-assisted selection program to facilitate increasing levels of carotenoids in maize grain.

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Breeding Corn with High Provitamin A in the Grain¹

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Accruing genetic gain in pro-vitamin A enrichment from harnessing diverse maize germplasm

Accruing genetic gain in pro-vitamin A enrichment from harnessing diverse maize germplasm

Maize: A Paramount Staple Crop in the Context of Global Nutrition

QTL and candidate genes phytoene synthase and ζ-carotene desaturase associated with the accumulation of carotenoids in maize

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Breeding Corn with High Provitamin A in the Grain1

Cited by 35 publications

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Accruing genetic gain in pro-vitamin A enrichment from harnessing diverse maize germplasm

Accruing genetic gain in pro-vitamin A enrichment from harnessing diverse maize germplasm

Maize: A Paramount Staple Crop in the Context of Global Nutrition

QTL and candidate genes phytoene synthase and ζ-carotene desaturase associated with the accumulation of carotenoids in maize

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Breeding Corn with High Provitamin A in the Grain¹