Breeding Cassava to Feed the Poor

Nassar, Nagib M. A.; Ortíz, Rodomiro

doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0510-78

Cited by 93 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…Il joue, de plus en plus, un rôle primordial dans l'alimentation des populations urbaines et rurales. C'est le deuxième aliment de base et l'une des principales sources d'énergie en Afrique sub-Saharienne (Dixon et al, 2002) mais également une ressource irremplaçable dans la lutte contre la faim et la malnutrition comme l'ont signalé certains auteurs (Nassar et Ortiz, 2010). Selon les dernières estimations de la FAO (FAOSTAT, 2014), sur 24.221.970 ha emblavés, la production mondiale est estimée à 270.293.801 t dont plus de 50% proviennent de l'Afrique.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Pratiques paysannes de gestion des cultivars de manioc (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz) au Sud du Tchad

Djirabaye¹,

Diallo²,

Mbaiguinam³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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REMERCIEMENTS Nous adressons nos sincères remerciements aux responsables de l'ITRAD, au PRASAC et à l'UE pour la bourse qui nous a été accordée pour ce travail. RESUMEDans les petites exploitations familiales, les paysans détiennent un nombre important de cultivars de manioc inexploités par la recherche. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer le niveau de la diversité du manioc et d'en analyser les pratiques locales de gestion. Une enquête suivant une approche participative avec des questionnaires a été conduite auprès de 636 paysans dans 43 villages. Une importante diversité variétale a été révélée par l'indice de Shannon (3,38). Soixante-quinze noms vernaculaires ont été inventoriés. Des différences hautement significatives ont été observées pour le nombre de cultivars qui varie de 2 à 12 par village (6 en moyenne). La variation entre ménages est faible, 1 à 4 cultivars (2 en moyenne). Le nombre de cultivars disparus varie de 1 à 14 (3,81 en moyenne) par village. La perte de la diversité est en moyenne de 18,20% et varie entre 11% et 50% selon les villages. Les paysans identifient les cultivars à partir des feuilles et tiges. La productivité, le goût et la grosseur des tubercules sont les critères prioritaires de sélection. Les échanges des boutures se font entre paysans locaux (60,84%) et par des introductions individuelles (37,43% Farmer management of cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta Crantz)in the South of Chad D. NADJIAM et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(3): 1098-1113, 2016 1099 ABSTRACTFarmers possess in their fields, many cassava cultivars which are unexplored by the research. The aim of this study is to assess their diversity and to analyze their traditional management. A total of 636 farmers selected from 43 villages, were surveyed using questionnaire and participatory rural appraisal. ShannonWeaver diversity index (H) revealed an important level of diversity of 3.38 in the study zone. Seventy-five (75) vernacular names were recorded. Highly significant differences were observed for the number of the cultivars that ranges from 2 to 12 per village (6 on average). At household level, the variation is low and ranged from 1 to 4 cultivars (2 on average). The number of disappeared cultivars range from 1 to 14 (3.84 on average) per village. The average rate of diversity loss is 18.20% and ranging from 11% to 50% per village. Farmers use leaves and stems to identify cultivars. High yield root, taste and large sized rate were the farmer preferred criteria. The exchanges of the stems are done among local farmers (60.84%) and by individual initiatives (37.43%). This knowledge will be integrated in the breeding program.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Pratiques paysannes de gestion des cultivars de manioc (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz) au Sud du Tchad

Djirabaye¹,

Diallo²,

Mbaiguinam³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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“…Over the last fifty years, crop improvement programs have mainly concentrated on simple clonal selection and intervarietal hybridization (Nassar and Ortiz, 2008). Interspecific hybridization studies aiming to incorporate desirable traits from wild species into cultivars can be particularly difficult due to strong interspecific barriers and the need to conduct several backcrosses, which can take several decades or longer (Nassar and Ortiz, 2010). Some authors have referred to importance of chimeras (Burge et al, 2002;Nassar, 2003Nassar, , 2004, others proposed using chimeras to combine potentially useful traits of wild populations and cultivars (Goffreda et al, 1990;Burge et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of periclinal chimera in cassava

Nassar¹,

Bomfim²

2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. We provide the first report on the synthesis of a very productive interspecific periclinal chimera of cassava, with large and edible roots. The epidermal tissue of the chimera was formed by the cultivated species Manihot esculenta (E), and the subepidermis and internal tissue were formed by the wild species, Manihot fortalezensis (F). We used cytogenetics and morphological analyses to determine the origins of all tissues. These results may offer potential for the development of new lines for crop improvement based on the use of chimera composed of different combinations of wild species and cultivars.

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“…• Cassava provides economic and subsistence value for 800-1000 million people in more than 90 countries including Angola, Barbados, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Democratic Republic of Congo, Dominica, Ghana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Mozambique, Nigeria, Suriname, Thailand, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, and Vietnam [23][24][25].…”

Section: Potential Of Cassava As Feedstock For Bioenergy Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cassava Residues Could Provide Sustainable Bioenergy for Cassava Producing Nations

Aso¹,

Teixeira²,

Achinewhu³

2018

Cassava

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Many cassava producing nations lack suitable energy availability and sufficiency. Just 10% of the population in Haiti receive power from the national electric grid. The proportion is 7% for Mozambique. In both countries, deforestation is extensive due to dependence on wood and charcoal for 70 and 85% of energy requirement respectively. In the case of Ghana, although biomass accounts for 64% of national energy supply, the dependence on primary biomass energy sources like wood and charcoal has led to increased loss of biodiversity, soil erosion and health problems. Prospects for the use of cassava peeling residues as a source of biomethane to mitigate these constraints have received little attention. In this chapter, the advantages and benefits of biomass energy, along with the potential for cassava as a feedstock and rationale for anaerobic digestion are highlighted. Depending on the quantity of cassava root processed by individual countries, the energy recovered from cassava peeling residues could satisfy up to 100% of national energy requirements.

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Breeding Cassava to Feed the Poor

Cited by 93 publications

References 0 publications

Pratiques paysannes de gestion des cultivars de manioc (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz) au Sud du Tchad

Pratiques paysannes de gestion des cultivars de manioc (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz) au Sud du Tchad

Synthesis of periclinal chimera in cassava

Cassava Residues Could Provide Sustainable Bioenergy for Cassava Producing Nations

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