Breeding biology of Coprinus species in the section Lanatuli

Kemp, R.F.O.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(75)80034-9

Cited by 45 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, the results from previous mating studies which provided intercompatibility percentages exceeding 40 % (Hilber, 1982 ; (Venturella et al, 2000). As it is the case with all other Pleurotus growing on umbellifers, morphological differentiation seems to follow genetic isolation for this taxon as well ; this is in accordance with previous reports on synnematoid Pleurotus taxa (Zervakis, 1998), or other Basidiomycetes (Kemp, 1975).…”

Section: Systematics and Speciationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic polymorphism and taxonomic infrastructure of the Pleurotus eryngii species-complex as determined by RAPD analysis, isozyme profiles and ecomorphological characters

2001

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The Pleurotus eryngii species-complex includes populations of choice edible mushrooms, growing in the greater Mediterranean area in close association with different genera of plants of the family Apiaceae. Their distinct hostspecialization served as the principal criterion for the discrimination of several taxa ; however, the genetic relationships among the various P. eryngii ecotypes remain ambiguous. In the present study, 46 Pleurotus strains with a wide range of geographical origins were isolated from Eryngium spp., Ferula communis, Cachrys ferulacea, Thapsia garganica and Elaeoselinum asclepium subsp. asclepium, and were subjected to isozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD) analysis. The 16 enzyme activities tested were controlled by 28 loci, 11 of which were monomorphic. Host-exclusive zymograms for the Aph (acid phosphatase) and Phe-1 (dopa-phenoloxidase) loci were obtained from Pleurotus strains associated with C. ferulacea. Allele frequencies, genetic diversity and mean diversity were high for isolates from Eryngium spp. and Ferula communis. In RAPD analysis, the use of five primers allowed the production of 45 (out of 48) polymorphic bands, while four molecular markers specific for the identification of Pleurotus strains growing on E. asclepium subsp. asclepium and C. ferulacea were obtained. The Pleurotus strains produced 35 distinct electrophoretic types and 42 RAPD patterns, which independently permitted the separation of the fungal populations into five clusters in accordance with their host-specificity. In addition, the evaluation of the principal ecological and morphological characters provided further evidence for discriminating between P. nebrodensis growing on C. ferulacea and the rest of the host-associated populations. The latter represent taxa at the varietal level : P. eryngii var. eryngii, P. eryngii var. ferulae and P. eryngii var. elaeoselini. The position of taxa of dubious validity, such as P. hadamardii and P. fossulatus, is discussed in relation to the new findings. All Mediterranean Pleurotus populations growing on umbellifers seem to have recently diverged through a sympatric speciation process, that is based on both intrinsic reproductive barriers and extrinsic ecogeographical factors.

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Section: Systematics and Speciationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic polymorphism and taxonomic infrastructure of the Pleurotus eryngii species-complex as determined by RAPD analysis, isozyme profiles and ecomorphological characters

2001

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“…These secondary walls are later involved in the germination of the spores (168). Oidia are distinguished as "wet" spores due to their strong hydrophilic character (15,222). Consistent with this, proteins with the characteristic properties of hydrophobins are not detected on oidia (15), unlike the "dry" hydrophobic spores of other fungal organisms, which are coated with hydrophobins (116,231,518,521,522).…”

Section: Oidiophores and Oidiamentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The Coprinus lagopus of Borriss and Madelin, for example, has sometimes been interpreted to be Coprinus radiatus (344), but because of its fundamental character, the work is included here. At present, all isolates interfertile with C. lagopus sensu Buller are classified under the species name cinereus (222,226,344,382), but another renaming is expected in the future. Traditionally, members of the genus Coprinus (commonly known as ink caps) were defined as saprophytic mushrooms whose gills and frequently the entire cap autodigest at maturity, giving rise to an inky black fluid that drips to the ground (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Kües

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

433

336

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SUMMARY Coprinus cinereus has two main types of mycelia, the asexual monokaryon and the sexual dikaryon, formed by fusion of compatible monokaryons. Syngamy (plasmogamy) and karyogamy are spatially and temporally separated, which is typical for basidiomycetous fungi. This property of the dikaryon enables an easy exchange of nuclear partners in further dikaryotic-monokaryotic and dikaryotic-dikaryotic mycelial fusions. Fruiting bodies normally develop on the dikaryon, and the cytological process of fruiting-body development has been described in its principles. Within the specialized basidia, present within the gills of the fruiting bodies, karyogamy occurs in a synchronized manner. It is directly followed by meiosis and by the production of the meiotic basidiospores. The synchrony of karyogamy and meiosis has made the fungus a classical object to study meiotic cytology and recombination. Several genes involved in these processes have been identified. Both monokaryons and dikaryons can form multicellular resting bodies (sclerotia) and different types of mitotic spores, the small uninucleate aerial oidia, and, within submerged mycelium, the large thick-walled chlamydospores. The decision about whether a structure will be formed is made on the basis of environmental signals (light, temperature, humidity, and nutrients). Of the intrinsic factors that control development, the products of the two mating type loci are most important. Mutant complementation and PCR approaches identified further genes which possibly link the two mating-type pathways with each other and with nutritional regulation, for example with the cAMP signaling pathway. Among genes specifically expressed within the fruiting body are those for two galectins, β-galactoside binding lectins that probably act in hyphal aggregation. These genes serve as molecular markers to study development in wild-type and mutant strains. The isolation of genes for potential non-DNA methyltransferases, needed for tissue formation within the fruiting body, promises the discovery of new signaling pathways, possibly involving secondary fungal metabolites.

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“…Most non-outcrossing basidiomycetes are closely related to, or taxonomically conspecific with, outcrossing species (Lemke, 1969;Kemp, 1975;David & Déquatre, 1984), suggesting that comparatively small genetical changes are involved in such breeding strategy changes (Brasier, 1987;Collins, 1987). Ainsworth (1987) reported the occurrence of outcrossing and non-outcrossing breeding behaviour within isolates obtained from both sympatric and altopatric populations of several Stereum species.…”

Section: Perniciosamentioning

confidence: 99%

The breeding biology of biotypes of the witches' broom pathogen of cocoa, Crinipellis perniciosa

Griffith

Hedger

1994

Heredity

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Investigation of the breeding biology of the agaric Crinipellis perniciosa (causal agent of witches' broom disease of cocoa in South America) found that two distinct breeding strategies exist among the four known biotypes of the fungus, which are specific to cocoa (C-biotype), solanaceous hosts (S-biotype), Bixa orellana (B-biotype) and liana vines (L-biotype). The homomictic (primary homothallic) behaviour of the C-biotype was confirmed and single basidiospore isolates (SSIs) of the S-biotype and B-biotype were found to behave in a similar manner. The mycelia of most SSIs of the L-biotype did not bear clamp connections and pairings between sibling SSIs established that an outcrossing mechanism under the control of two unlinked mating type factors was operating (i.e. bifactorial heterothallism). These matings also suggested that one of the mating factors has a twogene structure. The occurrence of bi-and trinucleate basidiospores and SSIs bearing true or false clamp connections suggests that the L-biotype exhibits a limited degree of secondary homothallism.

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Breeding biology of Coprinus species in the section Lanatuli

Cited by 45 publications

References 5 publications

Genetic polymorphism and taxonomic infrastructure of the Pleurotus eryngii species-complex as determined by RAPD analysis, isozyme profiles and ecomorphological characters

Genetic polymorphism and taxonomic infrastructure of the Pleurotus eryngii species-complex as determined by RAPD analysis, isozyme profiles and ecomorphological characters

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

The breeding biology of biotypes of the witches' broom pathogen of cocoa, Crinipellis perniciosa

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