Breeding biology and morphometrics of Common Pauraque Nyctidromus a. albicollis in south-west Amazonia, and the species' breeding season and clutch size in Brazil

Abstract

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Evaluation of the common pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis) cornea using light and scanning electron microscopy

“…The common pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis (Gmelin, 1789) is a small bird of the caprimulgiform order, weighting 50–70 g and measuring 20–30 cm in length. It can be found throughout Central and South America, largely in tropical regions and barring mountainous regions, and to a lesser degree in the Southern tip of Texas, United States (BirdLife International, 2020; Guilherme & Lima, 2020; Thurber, 2003; Trupkiewicz et al., 2018). This species is insectivorous, hunting along brushwood and forest edges, and has a crepuscular to nocturnal activity pattern (Cadbury, 1981; Pérez‐Granados & Schuchmann, 2020).…”

“…Caprimulgiformes, however, have the added need for visual specializations that enable successful foraging in scotopic conditions, such as proportionally large eyes positioned to optimize the dorsal visual field, large palpebral openings and high rod‐concentration in the retina (Delaunay et al., 2020; Martin et al., 2004; Moore, Montiani‐Ferreira, & Gardner, 2022; Salazar et al., 2020). Additionally, high visual resolution may benefit detection of predators in addition to their camouflage brown and grey plumage to help remain conspicuous while nesting on the ground among leaves (Guilherme & Lima, 2020; Pérez‐Granados & Schuchmann, 2020; Sandoval & Escalante, 2011; Thurber, 2003).…”

“…Generally, birds have complex visual systems that provide them with excellent visual acuity, and each ocular structure has its specific role in enabling high acuity (Butler et al., 2018; Fernández‐Juricic, 2012; Martin, 2022; Salazar et al., 2020). However, despite being a common and widespread avian species, there is still much to learn about pauraque vision and ecology (Guilherme & Lima, 2020; Pérez‐Granados & Schuchmann, 2020; Thurber, 2003). No morphological and morphometric evaluations have been performed describing the pauraque cornea.…”

Breeding biology review of White‑backed Stilt Himantopus melanurus in Brazil and a case study in the largest restinga protected area (Aves, Charadriiformes, Recurvirostridae)

“…Literature and online plataforms (WikiAves, E-bird) review has been widely used to update information of birds species occurrence (Martínez-Curci et al, 2014;Frias et al, 2020a;Barbosa et al, 2021;Pinheiro et al, 2021;Kaiser et al, 2022), breeding (Scherer et al, 2013;Guilherme & Lima, 2020;Tubelis, 2020;Tubelis & Sazima, 2020;Frias et al, 2020b;Alexandrino et al, 2022), and migration (Schubert et al, 2019;Degroote et al, 2020).…”