Breeding Biofortified Pearl Millet Varieties and Hybrids to Enhance Millet Markets for Human Nutrition

Govindaraj, Mahalingam; Nath, K.; Cherian, Binu; Pfeiffer, Wolfgang; Kanatti, Anand; Shivade, H

doi:10.3390/agriculture9050106

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Three to fourfold significant variations for Fe (32-120 mg kg −1 ), Zn (19-87 mg kg −1 ) and twofold variation for PC (8-16%) in 281 elite inbred lines prospects the breeding feasibility ( Supplementary Table S5). Similar variability for Fe/Zn has been reported among germplasm 32 , breeding lines 15 , and commercial cultivars 33 . High genetic variance for Fe/Zn indicates the least influence of G × E. Population structure along with shared co-ancestry coefficients between individuals of subdivisions of a population were estimated using ADMIXTURE 1.23 73 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The wide variability for grain Fe and Zn content in pearl millet unveils the great prospect of developing biofortified pearl millet varieties and hybrids. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has been working towards developing biofortified hybrids and has successfully delivered high-Fe pearl millet varieties and hybrids with high yield potential in India and Africa 15 . Biofortification using conventional breeding is time-consuming and incurs a high cost in terms of screening hybrid parental lines for micronutrients and protein in every generation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genome-wide association study uncovers genomic regions associated with grain iron, zinc and protein content in pearl millet

Pujar

Gangaprasad

Govindaraj

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Pearl millet hybrids biofortified with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) promise to be part of a long-term strategy to combat micronutrient malnutrition in the arid and semi-arid tropical (SAT) regions of the world. Biofortification through molecular breeding is the way forward to achieving a rapid trait-based breeding strategy. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to identify significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for Fe, Zn, and protein content (PC) for enhanced biofortification breeding. A diverse panel of 281 advanced inbred lines was evaluated for Fe, Zn, and PC over two seasons. Phenotypic evaluation revealed high variability (Fe: 32–120 mg kg−1, Zn: 19–87 mg kg−1, PC: 8–16%), heritability (hbs2 ≥ 90%) and significantly positive correlation among Fe, Zn and PC (P = 0.01), implying concurrent improvement. Based on the Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) seq assay, 58,719 highly informative SNPs were filtered for association mapping. Population structure analysis showed six major genetic groups (K = 6). A total of 78 MTAs were identified, of which 18 were associated with Fe, 43 with Zn, and 17 with PC. Four SNPs viz., Pgl04_64673688, Pgl05_135500493, Pgl05_144482656, and Pgl07_101483782 located on chromosomes Pgl04 (1), Pgl05 (2) and Pgl07 (1), respectively were co-segregated for Fe and Zn. Promising genes, ‘Late embryogenesis abundant protein’, ‘Myb domain’, ‘pentatricopeptide repeat’, and ‘iron ion binding’ coded by 8 SNPs were identified. The SNPs/genes identified in the present study presents prospects for genomics assisted biofortification breeding in pearl millet.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association study uncovers genomic regions associated with grain iron, zinc and protein content in pearl millet

Pujar

Gangaprasad

Govindaraj

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…However, A 1 , A 4 , A 5 are widely used in the three-line breeding program for the production of hybrid seeds. Nowadays, hybrid development has led away from the A 1 CMS source, but interestingly, the pearl millet bio-fortification program used both A 1 and A 4 CMS sources to release different hybrid varieties [128].…”

Section: Development Of Cms System-a 1 a 2 A 4 And A 5 Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2005, HHB 67 Improved was the first product of marker-assisted selection (among all crops) released in India. To address widespread problems of micronutrient malnutrition, ICRISAT developed high-iron bio-fortified hybrids named ICMH 1202, ICMH 1203 and ICMH 1301 [128]. In India, a total of 138 hybrids were released by both the public and private sectors from 1958 to 2014 [129].…”

Section: Work Done In India On Pearl Millet Hybrid Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter has played a significant role in the development of high-yielding disease-resistant heterotic hybrids. These private companies produce their proprietary hybrids with yield and consumer preference-related traits [128]. Moreover, the private sector utilizes ICRISAT-bred component lines (CMS, maintainer, and restorer lines) for hybrid seed production.…”

Section: Work Done In India On Pearl Millet Hybrid Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploitation of Heterosis in Pearl Millet: A Review

Srivastava

Bollam

Pujarula

et al. 2020

Plants

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The phenomenon of heterosis has fascinated plant breeders ever since it was first described by Charles Darwin in 1876 in the vegetable kingdom and later elaborated by George H Shull and Edward M East in maize during 1908. Heterosis is the phenotypic and functional superiority manifested in the F1 crosses over the parents. Various classical complementation mechanisms gave way to the study of the underlying potential cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for heterosis. In cereals, such as maize, heterosis has been exploited very well, with the development of many single-cross hybrids that revolutionized the yield and productivity enhancements. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is one of the important cereal crops with nutritious grains and lower water and energy footprints in addition to the capability of growing in some of the harshest and most marginal environments of the world. In this highly cross-pollinating crop, heterosis was exploited by the development of a commercially viable cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) system involving a three-lines breeding system (A-, B- and R-lines). The first set of male-sterile lines, i.e., Tift 23A and Tift18A, were developed in the early 1960s in Tifton, Georgia, USA. These provided a breakthrough in the development of hybrids worldwide, e.g., Tift 23A was extensively used by Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, India, for the development of the first single-cross pearl millet hybrid, named Hybrid Bajra 1 (HB 1), in 1965. Over the past five decades, the pearl millet community has shown tremendous improvement in terms of cytoplasmic and nuclear diversification of the hybrid parental lines, which led to a progressive increase in the yield and adaptability of the hybrids that were developed, resulting in significant genetic gains. Lately, the whole genome sequencing of Tift 23D2B1 and re-sequencing of circa 1000 genomes by a consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has been a significant milestone in the development of cutting-edge genetic and genomic resources in pearl millet. Recently, the application of genomics and molecular technologies has provided better insights into genetic architecture and patterns of heterotic gene pools. Development of whole-genome prediction models incorporating heterotic gene pool models, mapped traits and markers have the potential to take heterosis breeding to a new level in pearl millet. This review discusses advances and prospects in various fronts of heterosis for pearl millet.

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Traditional Food Plants in the Face of Global Change: Past, Present, and Future

Anju

Kumar

2022

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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Traditional food plant s ( TFP s) are highly nutritious and contain health beneficial metabolites, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Various communities across the globe, especially in the rural areas, rely on the locally available TFPs for their nutritional and health‐related needs. The TFPs are considered important because they are locally available alternative sources of food and nutrition. However, they remain largely neglected to date despite their huge nutritional importance and potential. Interest in TFPs has recently increased especially because of the disruptions of the food supply chains caused by recurrent lockdowns during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Interruptions to long‐distance food supply chains expose the vulnerabilities associated with the globalised interconnected food systems. Recent literature suggests that localised food systems are more resilient, sustainable, and adaptive especially during times of pandemics, civil unrest, and conflicts. Since TFPs offer several benefits over the globalised mainstream food systems, it is important to explore their roles and develop research strategies to provide insights and to support their more widespread use in future. Scientists and food and nutrition experts also suggest that the post‐pandemic situation will compel food scientists, breeders, and crop bioengineers to realign their approach towards food production and consumption systems that are more locally suited. Significant knowledge has been gained through basic research on the diversity and availability of a plethora of TFPs in various parts of the world, including India, Africa, and South America. Limited genetic and genomic studies have also been performed with TFPs, and they provide very important insights into important genes and other regulators governing nutritional and stress‐resilient traits in neglected crops. Some crops are shown to have better traits than the currently available mainstream crops. Many studies have pointed towards cultivation, domestication, and improvement of regionally important TFPs for better climate resilience, sustainability, and adaptability. While very few TFPs have been genetically edited successfully, and gene‐edited TFPs are not commercially available yet, there is increasing evidence that there is a huge potential for the revitalisation and introduction of these ancient crops to the mainstream food baskets of the public. In this review article, we critically examine the TFPs and their regional importance in the local traditional food systems. The richness of TFPs during the ancient period and various reasons for their disappearance from the food basket, the re‐emergence of TFPs by recognising their importance in the present scenario, and the criteria for utilisation of TFPs to attain food security in the future are discussed comprehensively in the review. We provide a futuristic outlook on the importance, scope, and progress on the improvement of TFPs for valuable traits for ensuring food security of the burgeoning global population.

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Breeding Biofortified Pearl Millet Varieties and Hybrids to Enhance Millet Markets for Human Nutrition

Cited by 47 publications

References 15 publications

Genome-wide association study uncovers genomic regions associated with grain iron, zinc and protein content in pearl millet

Genome-wide association study uncovers genomic regions associated with grain iron, zinc and protein content in pearl millet

Exploitation of Heterosis in Pearl Millet: A Review

Traditional Food Plants in the Face of Global Change: Past, Present, and Future

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