Breeding American Chestnuts for Blight Resistance

Worthen, L. M.; Woeste, Keith; Michler, Charles H.

doi:10.1002/9780470535486.ch7

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Using our conceptual framework as a guide, we synthesize C. dentata biology, genetics, and ecology to serve as a foundation for identifying reintroduction goals and strategies for implementation. Recent reviews have detailed the C. dentata inter-species backcross breeding program as well as social and management considerations toward C. dentata restoration (Steiner & Carlson, 2006;Jacobs, 2007) and genetic implications of the backcross breeding program for restoration (Worthen et al, 2010). Others have highlighted the potential for the use of GE technologies in reintroduction programs (Merkle et al, 2007), a call for a broader use of species introductions as a tool for restoration (Seddon, 2010), and the need for a stronger connection between socioeconomic research and restoration practice (Collier, 2011).…”

Section: Objectives Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the native range of C. dentata spans five US climatic zones (Fig. 1), reintroduction must also be locally adapted in order to promote successful establishment (Worthen et al, 2010). Kubisiak & Roberds (2006) found low but positive correlations between genetic and geographic distances, suggesting that C. dentata was a single metapopulation established by high gene flow and genetic drift.…”

Section: Potential Ecological Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A conceptual framework for restoration of threatened plants: the effective model of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) reintroduction

2012

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I.II.III.IV.V.References Summary We propose a conceptual framework for restoration of threatened plant species that encourages integration of technological, ecological, and social spheres. A sphere encompasses ideas relevant to restoration and the people working within similar areas of influence or expertise. Increased capacity within a sphere and a higher degree of coalescing among spheres predict a greater probability of successful restoration. We illustrate this with Castanea dentata, a foundation forest tree in North America that was annihilated by an introduced pathogen; the species is a model that effectively merges biotechnology, reintroduction biology, and restoration ecology. Because of C. dentata's ecological and social importance, scientists have aggressively pursued blight resistance through various approaches. We summarize recent advancements in tree breeding and biotechnology that have emerged from C. dentata research, and describe their potential to bring new tools to bear on socio‐ecological restoration problems. Successful reintroduction of C. dentata will also depend upon an enhanced understanding of its ecology within contemporary forests. We identify a critical need for a deeper understanding of societal influences that may affect setting and achieving realistic restoration goals. Castanea dentata may serve as an important model to inform reintroduction of threatened plant species in general and foundation forest trees in particular.

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Section: Objectives Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Ecological Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conceptual framework for restoration of threatened plants: the effective model of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) reintroduction

2012

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“…This technique is considered to be an effective method for the short-term conservation of genetic material, and as a necessary step for the application of medium and long-term conservation techniques (cryopreservation). Other recent reviews on this genus that have sought disease-resistant examples have dealt with silvics [23], the biological control with mycoviruses [24], integrating technological, ecological, and social factors in restoration [25], plant propagation [5,26], genetic modification, and breeding [4,14,27].…”

Section: Biotechnological Approaches Used For the Conservation Of Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Biotechnology in the Conservation of the Genus Castanea

Corredoira

Martínez

Cernadas

et al. 2017

Forests

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Castanea is a hardwood forest genus of considerable agro-economic importance for both timber and nut production. Chestnuts are one of the most significant nut crops in the temperate zone. However, this species is threatened by pollution, social factors, economical changes, and two major fungal diseases: ink disease (Phytophthora spp.), and chestnut blight canker (Cryphonectria parasitica). Similar to other wood species, chestnuts are difficult to propagate both generatively by seed and vegetatively by means of grafting or cuttings. Biotechnological methods such as in vitro culture have been developed in the last few years as an alternative to conventional vegetative propagation. Biotechnology plays a very important role not only in the propagation of selected individuals (being used at a commercial level), but also in its short-term preservation, and offers the possibility of preserving the propagated material in the medium-term (cold storage) or long-term using cryopreservation.

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“…Scatter‐hoarding in the eastern North American deciduous forest is primarily practiced by two species of tree squirrels, the eastern gray squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ) and the fox squirrel ( Sciurus niger ), as well as the blue jay ( Cyanocitta cristata ) (Blythe, Lichti, Smyser, & Swihart, ; Moore, McEuen, Swihart, Contreras, & Steele, ; Richardson et al., ; Smith and Stapanian ; Steele, Smallwood, Spunar, & Nelsen, ). Although third‐generation backcross (BC3) chestnuts used for species restoration will inherit only a small fraction of the Cm genome, this genetic material may influence ecologically important traits (Worthen, Woeste, & Michler, ); for example, BC3 seeds were dispersed farther on average than seeds of Cd (Blythe et al., ). Hybrid background may affect this crucial, coevolved ecological relationship in other ways as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…generation backcross (BC3) chestnuts used for species restoration will inherit only a small fraction of the Cm genome, this genetic material may influence ecologically important traits (Worthen, Woeste, & Michler, 2010); for example, BC3 seeds were dispersed farther on average than seeds of Cd (Blythe et al, 2015). Hybrid background may affect this crucial, coevolved ecological relationship in other ways as well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pooled whole‐genome sequencing of interspecific chestnut (Castanea) hybrids reveals loci associated with differences in caching behavior of fox squirrels (Sciurus niger L.)

LaBonte

Woeste

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Dispersal of seeds by scatter‐hoarding rodents is common among tropical and temperate tree species, including chestnuts in the genus Castanea. Backcrossed (BC) interspecific hybrid chestnuts exhibit wide variation in seed traits: as the parent species (Castanea dentata and C. mollissima) have distinct seed phenotypes and tend to be handled differently by seed dispersers, phenotypic variation in BC trees is likely due to inheritance of genes that have undergone divergent evolution in the parent species. To identify candidate genomic regions for interspecific differences in seed dispersal, we used tagged seeds to measure average dispersal distance for seeds of third‐generation BC chestnuts and sequenced pooled whole genomes of mother trees with contrasting seed dispersal: high caching rate/long distance; low caching rate/short distance; no caching. Candidate regions affecting seed dispersal were identified as loci with more C. mollissima alleles in the high caching rate/ long‐distance pool than expected by chance and observed in the other two pools. Functional annotations of candidate regions included predicted lipid metabolism, dormancy regulation, seed development, and carbohydrate metabolism genes. The results support the hypothesis that perception of seed dormancy is a predominant factor in squirrel caching decisions, and also indicate profitable directions for future work on the evolutionary genomics of trees and coevolved seed dispersers.

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Breeding American Chestnuts for Blight Resistance

Cited by 8 publications

References 101 publications

A conceptual framework for restoration of threatened plants: the effective model of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) reintroduction

A conceptual framework for restoration of threatened plants: the effective model of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) reintroduction

Application of Biotechnology in the Conservation of the Genus Castanea

Pooled whole‐genome sequencing of interspecific chestnut (Castanea) hybrids reveals loci associated with differences in caching behavior of fox squirrels (Sciurus niger L.)

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