Breed predisposition and heritability of atrial fibrillation in the Standardbred horse: A retrospective case–control study

Physick‐Sheard, P. W.; Kraus, Megan; Basrur, P.K.; McGurrin, Kimberly; Kenney, Daniel G.; Schenkel, F.S.

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2014.03.006

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that Physick‐Sheard et al . did not find any evidence that inbreeding would play a role in liability for AF in Standardbred horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…No prior estimates of heritability in the Standardbred or the horse in general were found, except the observed heritability estimate of 0.096 in Physick‐Sheard et al . , which used the same set of affected horses, but different control horses and estimation model, and did not account for possible gait and sex differences. It is noteworthy that Physick‐Sheard et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been observed that AF appears to have a familial component in the Standardbred horse , and an observed heritability of 0.096 has recently been reported with a preponderance of pacing sires being incriminated . Some equine studies also report more affected males than females , while trotting and pacing lines are quite genetically distinct despite being from the same breed . Assessment of the effects of sex and gait on heritability is required to form a more complete picture of genetic liability to AF in the Standardbred horse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Estimates of heritability of atrial fibrillation in the Standardbred racehorse

Kraus¹,

Physick‐Sheard

Brito³

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…It is noteworthy that Physick‐Sheard et al . did not find any evidence that inbreeding would play a role in liability for AF in Standardbred horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Estimates of heritability of atrial fibrillation in the Standardbred racehorse

Kraus¹,

Physick‐Sheard

Brito³

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Evidence points towards there being a genetic background to the arrhythmia in the Std [ 6 – 8 ]. Most instances of familial AF in humans affect younger individuals and have an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marginal ancestral contributions to atrial fibrillation in the Standardbred racehorse: Comparison of cases and controls

Kraus¹,

Physick‐Sheard²,

Brito³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Admissions of Standardbred racehorses (Std) to the Ontario Veterinary College Teaching Hospital (OVCTH) for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) began to increase in the early 1990s. The arrhythmia has been shown to have a modest heritability (h2 ≃ 0.15), with some stallions appearing as sires or sires of mares used in breeding (broodmares) of affected horses more frequently than others. The objective of this study was to determine the marginal genetic contributions of ancestors to cohorts of Std affected with AF and their contemporary control groups, and whether these ancestors contribute significantly more to the affected cohorts than to controls. All Std admitted to OVCTH for treatment of AF that were born between 1993 and 2007 comprised the affected case group (n = 168). Five randomly selected racing contemporaries for each Std admitted, assumed to not suffer from the arrhythmia, comprised the control group (n = 840). Three-year overlapping cohorts were created for case and control horses, determined according to year of birth, for a total of 26 cohorts. Marginal genetic contributions of ancestors to each cohort were determined and differences analyzed for statistical significance using a two-tailed paired t-test, with P ≤ 0.05 considered significant. The marginal contributions of 26 ancestors were significant, with 11 contributing significantly more to affected cohorts than the corresponding controls, and 15 contributing significantly more to controls than the corresponding affected cohorts. One stallion and one broodmare were very highly significant to affected cohorts at P ≤ 0.001, and nine stallions and three broodmares were very highly significant to control cohorts at P ≤ 0.001. Therefore, a number of stallions have statistically significant contributions to the genetics of Std affected with AF, while many others have statistically significant contributions to healthy Std. The arrhythmia appears to be particularly prevalent in the descendants of one sire family.

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“…Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia in horses and it frequently occurs in the absence of gross structural abnormalities of the heart. The prevalence of this condition is estimated to be up to 2.3% 1,2 although it might be higher in breeds predisposed to it 3,4 . Not only does this condition adversely affect the race performance of equine athletes 2,5 , but it may also promote more grave consequences such as arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy 6 , thereby reducing ventricular function by promoting heart failure, or leading to death by ventricular fibrillation 7,8 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The complexity of clinically-normal sinus-rhythm ECGs is decreased in equine athletes with a diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Alexeenko

Fraser

Bowen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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equine athletes have a pattern of exercise which is analogous to human athletes and the cardiovascular risks in both species are similar. Both species have a propensity for atrial fibrillation (AF), which is challenging to detect by ECG analysis when in paroxysmal form. We hypothesised that the proarrhythmic background present between fibrillation episodes in paroxysmal AF (PAF) might be detectable by complexity analysis of apparently normal sinus-rhythm ECGs. In this retrospective study ECG recordings were obtained during routine clinical work from 82 healthy horses and from 10 horses with a diagnosis of PAF. Artefact-free 60-second strips of normal sinus-rhythm ECGs were converted to binary strings using threshold crossing, beat detection and a novel feature detection parsing algorithm. Complexity of the resulting binary strings was calculated using Lempel-Ziv ('76 & '78) and Titchener complexity estimators. Dependence of Lempel-Ziv '76 and Titchener T-complexity on the heart rate in ECG strips obtained at low heart rates (25-60 bpm) and processed by the feature detection method was found to be significantly different in control animals and those diagnosed with PAF. This allows identification of horses with PAF from sinus-rhythm ECGs with high accuracy.www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Complexity analysis. Estimation of the binary string complexities was facilitated by a custom implementation of a complexity evaluator developed in C++ for the Linux operating system. The program simultaneously performs complexity analysis using three previously published methods: Lempel-Ziv '76 24 , Lempel-Ziv '78 28 and Titchener T-complexity 31 . All three methods estimate the complexity of a symbolic string by identifying the number of sub-strings (factors) needed to build it by a computer capable of a certain limited set of operations. These methods differ by the algorithms of decomposition of the source strings to sub-strings and therefore produce different estimates for the same source data (Fig. 5). The detailed description of these methods may be found in the corresponding publications. To eliminate the dependency of complexity values on the length of the source string (n), Lempel-Ziv '76 (abbreviated as LZ76) complexity values were normalised to the n/log 2 (n) value 25 . Lempel-Ziv '78 (abbreviated as LZ78) values were normalised to sequence length. For T-complexity, average entropy values were used.Statistical analyses. Parametric data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of mean. Statistical analyses and plotting were done using GNU R 40 . An unpaired two-sided t-test (using Welch's correction for unequal variances) was used for two-group comparisons and ANOVA test with Tukey correction for multiple comparisons of groups, with significance between data sets accepted at p < 0.05.

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Breed predisposition and heritability of atrial fibrillation in the Standardbred horse: A retrospective case–control study

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Estimates of heritability of atrial fibrillation in the Standardbred racehorse

Estimates of heritability of atrial fibrillation in the Standardbred racehorse

Marginal ancestral contributions to atrial fibrillation in the Standardbred racehorse: Comparison of cases and controls

The complexity of clinically-normal sinus-rhythm ECGs is decreased in equine athletes with a diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

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