Breathing Movements and Breathing Patterns among Healthy Men and Women 20–69 Years of Age

Ragnarsdóttir, María; Kristinsdóttir, Ella Kolbrun

doi:10.1159/000087456

Cited by 84 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Furthermore, there were also significant relationships between lower thoracic and abdominal movement and sex. Ragnarsdóttir and Kristinsdóttir 11 reported that abdominal, but not lower thoracic, movements were significantly less during deep breathing in females than in males. Verschakelen and Demedts 4 found that females exhibited slightly more rib cage movement during deep breathing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Breathing Movements of the Chest and Abdominal Wall in Healthy Subjects

2012

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BACKGROUND: Physical assessment of breathing is an important component of physical therapy evaluations. However, there are no standardized reference values of breathing movements available for use in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the 3-dimensional distances of observational points on the thorax and abdomen during breathing in healthy subjects and to assess the effects of age, posture, and sex on breathing movements. METHODS: We studied the 3-dimensional breathing movement distances of the thorax and abdomen in 100 healthy subjects (50 males, 50 females). Breathing movements were measured with a 3-dimensional motion system during quiet and deep breathing with subjects in supine and sitting positions. Thirteen reflective markers were placed on the upper (the clavicles, 3rd ribs, and sternal angle) and lower thorax (the 8th ribs, 10th ribs, and xiphoid process) and the abdomen (upper abdomen and lateral abdomen). Range of movement in both breathing conditions was measured as the 3-dimensional distance at half respiratory cycle. Respiratory rates were calculated based on the breathing movements analyzed. One-way analysis of variance, t tests, and multiple regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The average marker distances for the thorax and abdomen during quiet breathing were less than one third of those during deep breathing. Upper thoracic movement was significantly decreased with age. There was less abdominal movement in females than in males, except during quiet breathing in the supine position. The distances between the thoracic markers were greater and those of the abdomen were less during quiet and deep breathing in the sitting position, compared with those in the supine position. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the observed breathing movements were related to the effects of age, sex, and posture. These findings are in agreement with those reported in previous studies. The results may be helpful in assessing breathing movement by physical examination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Breathing Movements of the Chest and Abdominal Wall in Healthy Subjects

2012

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“…Calcification of the costochondral cartilage and loss of elasticity of the connective tissue reduces the compliance of the thoracic cage. Reduction of lung compliance due to aging reduces chest expansion [12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lung volumes and capacities vary with the age, height, body surface area. Females have lesser average height and the body surface area than the males also the force generated by the Inspiratory muscles of males is greater than the females [12]. The difference in the chest expansion measurements can also be due to variable instructions given by the tester [12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Reference Values of Chest Expansion Among Healthy Adults in Pune, India

Pagare¹

2017

IJPR

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Background: Chest expansion measurements are used to evaluate the patient's baseline status, treatment effectiveness, and progression of respiratory diseases with regards to chest wall mobility and respiratory muscle function. It is important to know the reference values of chest expansion of healthy adult Indian population for precise interpretation. Aim:To determine reference values of chest expansion for healthy adult Indian population. Methodology:Total 576 healthy adults participated in this observational study which was carried out at teaching institute and community in Pune city, India. Participants were apparently healthy and non smoking individuals who are recruited by purposive sampling technique. Data was obtained by measuring chest expansion with participants in standing position, elbows slightly flexed so that the hands rested on hips. Chest was exposed and with the help of an non stretchable inch tape the chest expansion was measured at three levels that is 2 nd intercostal space(ICS), 4 th intercostal space, and zyphoid process.Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Level of significance was set at 0.05 -level.Results: 576 Participants were recruited for the study.293 were females and 283 were males. The mean age of female participants was 38.43 years (SD=16.52 years) , and the mean age of males were 39.99 years (SD= 17.13 years). Results showed that in female participants mean expansion at 2 nd ICS was 2.22 inches (SD=0.76 inches), at 4 th ICS was 2.22 inches (SD=0.73 inches) and at zyphoid process level was 2.27 inches (SD=0.78 inches) while in male participants mean expansion at 2 nd ICS was 2.76 inches (SD=0.90 inches), at 4 th ICS was 2.71 inches (SD=0.82 inches) and at zyphoid process level was 2.99 inches (SD=0.87 inches). Chest expansion in male participants' at all three levels was significantly higher than female participants. There was statistically significant difference between chest expansion at 2 nd , 4 th ICS and zyphoid process level in males but there was no such difference found in females. It was also observed that there was age-wise reduction in chest expansion in both males and females. Conclusion:It was concluded that male chest expansion was significantly higher than female participants. Study has provided the preliminary baseline for the chest expansion measurements obtained from healthy adult Indian population.

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“…One group of authors, (27) investigating the respiratory movements and breathing patterns of men and women during normal deep breathing, found that there was less abdominal motion in the women, suggesting decreased diaphragmatic mobility in women under these conditions. Some authors have reported that women show 11-20% less diaphragmatic excursion during deep breathing, in comparison with men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobilidade diafragmática durante espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo e a volume em indivíduos sadios

Yamaguti¹,

Sakamoto

Panazzolo

et al. 2010

J. bras. pneumol.

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Objective: To compare the diaphragmatic mobility of healthy subjects during incentive spirometry with a volumeoriented device, during incentive spirometry with a flow-oriented device, and during diaphragmatic breathing. To compare men and women in terms of diaphragmatic mobility during these three types of breathing exercises. Methods:We evaluated the pulmonary function and diaphragmatic mobility of 17 adult healthy volunteers (9 women and 8 men). Diaphragmatic mobility was measured via ultrasound during diaphragmatic breathing and during the use of the two types of incentive spirometers. Results: Diaphragmatic mobility was significantly greater during the use of the volume-oriented incentive spirometer than during the use of the flow-oriented incentive spirometer (70.16 ± 12.83 mm vs. 63.66 ± 10.82 mm; p = 0.02). Diaphragmatic breathing led to a greater diaphragmatic mobility than did the use of the flow-oriented incentive spirometer (69.62 ± 11.83 mm vs. 63.66 ± 10.82 mm; p = 0.02). During all three types of breathing exercises, the women showed a higher mobility/ FVC ratio than did the men. Conclusions: Incentive spirometry with a volume-oriented device and diaphragmatic breathing promoted greater diaphragmatic mobility than did incentive spirometry with a flow-oriented device. Women performed better on the three types of breathing exercises than did men. ResumoObjetivo: Comparar a mobilidade diafragmática de indivíduos sadios durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a volume, durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo e durante exercícios diafragmáticos. Comparar a mobilidade diafragmática entre homens e mulheres durante esses três tipos de exercícios respiratórios. Métodos: Foram avaliadas a função pulmonar e a mobilidade diafragmática de 17 voluntários sadios adultos (9 mulheres e 8 homens). A avaliação da mobilidade do diafragma foi realizada durante a execução de exercícios diafragmáticos e durante o uso dos dois tipos de espirômetros de incentivo, por meio de um método ultrassonográfico. Resultados: A mobilidade diafragmática avaliada durante a utilização do espirômetro orientado a volume foi significativamente maior que aquela durante o uso do espirômetro orientado a fluxo (70,16 ± 12,83 mm vs. 63,66 ± 10,82 mm; p = 0,02). Os exercícios diafragmáticos promoveram maior mobilidade diafragmática do que o uso do espirômetro orientado a fluxo (69,62 ± 11,83 mm vs. 63,66 ± 10,82 mm; p = 0,02). Durante os três tipos de exercícios respiratórios, a relação mobilidade/CVF foi significativamente maior nas mulheres do que nos homens. Conclusões: A espirometria de incentivo orientada a volume e o exercício diafragmático promoveram maior mobilidade diafragmática do que a espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo. As mulheres apresentaram um melhor desempenho nos três tipos de exercícios respiratórios avaliados do que os homens. Original ArticleDiaphragmatic mobility in healthy subjects during incentive spirometry with a flow-oriented device and with a volume-oriented device J Bras Pneumol...

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Breathing Movements and Breathing Patterns among Healthy Men and Women 20–69 Years of Age

Cited by 84 publications

References 30 publications

Breathing Movements of the Chest and Abdominal Wall in Healthy Subjects

Breathing Movements of the Chest and Abdominal Wall in Healthy Subjects

Assessment of Reference Values of Chest Expansion Among Healthy Adults in Pune, India

Mobilidade diafragmática durante espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo e a volume em indivíduos sadios

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