Breathiness in normal female speech: Inefficiency versus desirability

Henton, Caroline; Bladon, R. A. W.

doi:10.1016/0271-5309(85)90012-6

Cited by 102 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…1 Inharmonic (noise) energy also contributes significant excitation (e.g., Hillenbrand & Houde, 1996), particularly in female voices in which persistent glottal gaps may be present (e.g., Holmberg, Hillman, Perkell, Guiod, & Goldman, 1995;Linville & Fisher, 1992), in male or female "sexy" voice (Henton & Bladon, 1985), and in pathologic phonation. For example, Holmberg et al found that for women with normal voice, most vowel productions displayed a mix of harmonic energy and noise in the F3 region; some showed mostly noise, and only a few tokens were produced with predominantly harmonic energy.…”

Section: Existing Measures Of Source Spectral Slopementioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of the Glottal Source Spectrum

Kreiman

Gerratt

Antoñanzas‐Barroso

2007

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose Many researchers have studied the acoustics, physiology, and perceptual characteristics of the voice source, but despite significant attention, it remains unclear which aspects of the source should be quantified and how measurements should be made. In this study, the authors examined the relationships among a number of existing measures of the glottal source spectrum, along with the association of these measures to overall spectral shapes and to glottal pulse shapes, to determine which measures of the source best capture information about the shapes of glottal pulses and glottal source spectra. Method Seventy-eight different measures of source spectral shapes were made on the voices of 70 speakers. Principal components analysis was applied to measurement data, and the resulting factors were compared with factors similarly derived from oral speech spectra and glottal pulses. Results Results revealed high levels of duplication and overlap among existing measures of source spectral slope. Further, existing measures were not well aligned with patterns of spectral variability. In particular, existing spectral measures do not appear to model the higher frequency parts of the source spectrum adequately. Conclusion The failure of existing measures to adequately quantify spectral variability may explain why results of studies examining the perceptual importance of spectral slope have not produced consistent results. Because variability in the speech signal is often perceptually salient, these results suggest that most existing measures of source spectral slope are unlikely to be good predictors of voice quality.

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Section: Existing Measures Of Source Spectral Slopementioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of the Glottal Source Spectrum

Kreiman

Gerratt

Antoñanzas‐Barroso

2007

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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“…Gender dependent differences of this sort, particularly increased breathiness for female speakers, have also been observed in languages with allophonic rather than contrastive non-modal phonation, including English (e.g. Henton and Bladon 1985, Klatt and Klatt 1990, Hanson and Chuang 1999.…”

Section: Creaky Voicementioning

confidence: 99%

Phonation types: a cross-linguistic overview

Gordon

Ladefoged

2001

Journal of Phonetics

448

283

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“…Errors are also introduced to the extent that solutions require relatively precise approximation of glottal wave forms. Each of these problems becomes highly evident when one attempts to specify articulator activity for more than a single specific talker, particularly across talkers ofdifferent sex who differ in terms of the proportional size of the pharynx and the overall vocal tract (Fant, 1966(Fant, , 1975 and differ in characteristics ofthe glottal wave form (Henton & Bladon, 1985;Holmberg, Hillman, & Perkell, 1988;Klatt & Klatt, 1990;Monsen & Engebretson, 1977). 3 More recent efforts have been successful to the extent that they have incorporated specific constraints on the nature of the vocal tract, together with dynamic and kinematic information.…”

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confidence: 99%

General contrast effects in speech perception: Effect of preceding liquid on stop consonant identification

Lotto

Kluender

1998

Perception & Psychophysics

184

285

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When members of a series of synthesized stop consonants varying acoustically in F3 characteristics and varying perceptually from fdaf to fgaf are preceded by fall, subjects report hearing more fgaf syllables relative to when each member is preceded by farf (Mann, 1980).It has been suggested that this result demonstrates the existence of a mechanism that compensates for coarticulation via tacit knowledge of articulatory dynamics and constraints, or through perceptual recovery of vocal-tract dynamics. The present study was designed to assess the degree to which these perceptual effects are specific to qualities of human articulatory sources. In three experiments, series of consonant-vowel (CV)stimuli varying in F3-onset frequency (/daf-fgal) were preceded by speech versions or nonspeech analogues of fall and lest. The effect of liquid identity on stop consonant labeling remained when the preceding VC was produced by a female speaker and the CV syllable was modeled after a male speaker's productions. Labeling boundaries also shifted when the CV was preceded by a sine wave glide modeled after F3 characteristics of fall and farf. Identifications shifted even when the preceding sine wave was of constant frequency equal to the offset frequency of F3 from a natural production. These results suggest an explanation in terms of general auditory processes as opposed to recovery of or knowledge of specific articulatory dynamics.Despite 40 years of sustained effort to develop machine speech-recognition devices, no engineering approach to speech perception has achieved the success ofan average 2-year-old human. One of the more daunting aspects of speech for these efforts is the acoustic effects of coarticulation. Traditionally, coarticulation refers to the spatial and temporal overlap of adjacent articulatory activities. This is reflected in the acoustic signal by severe context dependence; acoustic information specifying one phoneme varies substantially, depending on surrounding phonemes. As a result, there is a lack ofinvariance between linguistic units (e.g., phonemes, morphemes) and attributes of the acoustic signal. This poses quite a problem for speech-recognition devices which are designed to output strings of phonemes. ' An example of coarticulatory influence is the effect of a preceding liquid on the acoustic realization of a subsequent stop consonant. Mann (1980) reports that articulation of the syllables fdal and Igal may be influenced by the production of a preceding lall or lar/. Articulatorily described, the physical realization of the phonemes Idl and Igl primarily differ in the place at which the tongue occludes the vocal tract. For a velar stop [g], the tongue body is raised against the soft palate at the rear of the mouth, whereas for an alveolar stop [d], the tongue tip comes in contact with the alveolar ridge toward the front ofthe oral cavity behind the teeth. The liquids III and Irl differ in a similar manner; an [r] is produced with the tongue raised toward the rear of the cavity, and an [1] is produce...

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Breathiness in normal female speech: Inefficiency versus desirability

Cited by 102 publications

References 4 publications

Measures of the Glottal Source Spectrum

Measures of the Glottal Source Spectrum

Phonation types: a cross-linguistic overview

General contrast effects in speech perception: Effect of preceding liquid on stop consonant identification

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