Breath monitoring, sleep disorder detection, and tracking using thin-film acoustic waves and open-source electronics

Abstract

Apnoea, a major sleep disorder, affects many adults and causes several issues, such as fatigue, high blood pressure, liver conditions, increased risk of type II diabetes, and heart problems. Therefore, advanced monitoring and diagnosing tools of apnoea disorders are needed to facilitate better treatment, with advantages such as accuracy, comfort of use, cost effectiveness, and embedded computation capabilities to recognise, store, process, and transmit time series data. In this work we present an adaptation of our apnoea-Pi open-source surface acoustic wave (SAW) platform (Apnoea-Pi) to monitor and recognise apnoea in patients. The platform is based on a thin-film SAW device using bimorph ZnO and Al structures, including those fabricated as Al foils or plates, to achieve breath tracking based on humidity and temperature changes. We applied open-source electronics and provided embedded computing characteristics for signal processing, data recognition, storage, and transmission of breath signals. We show that the thin-film SAW device out-performed standard and off-the-shelf capacitive electronic sensors in terms of their response and accuracy for human breath-tracking purposes. This in combination with embedded electronics makes a suitable platform for human breath monitoring and sleep disorder recognition.

Recent Progress in Long-Term Sleep Monitoring Technology

“…In 2018, Jiang et al combined a respiratory monitor with a motion sensor to more comprehensively screen for sleep apnea [ 170 ]. The respiratory sensor designed by Vernon et al takes advantage of the fact that changes in temperature and humidity in the mouth and nose during human breathing affect the signal of the acoustic surface wave sensor, as shown in Figure 13 a [ 171 ]. Sleep apnea can be captured sensitively.…”

“… ( a ) Surface acoustic wave sensors [ 171 ]. Reproduced under the terms of the CC-BY Creative Commons Attribution License, Copyright 2022 by the authors, published by AIP Publishing.…”