Breath-focused mindfulness alters early and late components during emotion regulation

Zhang, Wenhai; Ouyang, Yongqiang; Tang, Fanggui; Chen, Jie; Li, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2019.103585

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Therefore, that novice non-meditators, after completing a brief session of OM meditation, would exhibit any measurable change in emotion processing is notable to say the least. With that said, our findings are in line with a growing number of electrophysiological studies reporting unique effects of brief mindfulness exercises on a wide range of psychological functions in novice samples 52 , 85 , 136 – 140 , raising more questions than answers regarding the theoretical and empirical boundary conditions distinguishing brief exposure to mindfulness training from an established meditation practice. Second, whereas many studies have demonstrated LPP reduction in response to antecedent-focused viewing strategies (e.g., cognitive reappraisal; see Hajcak et al 141 , for a review), the current findings replicate Lin et al 52 in that LPP attenuation was observed without any explicit viewing instruction and supports the developing idea that mindfulness meditation engenders implicit non-voluntary down-regulation of emotional arousal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

An electrophysiological investigation on the emotion regulatory mechanisms of brief open monitoring meditation in novice non-meditators

Lin

Gloe

Louis

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Despite a growing literature supporting the salutary effects of mindfulness meditation on emotion regulation, the underlying mechanisms linking neural and subjective changes occurring during the actual practice of meditation with emotion regulatory effects observed after meditation remains virtually unexplored. the current study sought to address this gap in knowledge by testing the hypothesis that adoption of internally-directed focused attention, indexed by increased alpha and theta spectral power, during brief open monitoring (oM) mindfulness meditation predicts reduced emotional reactivity, as measured by the late positive potential (Lpp). Results revealed that the OM meditation did not produce demonstrable differences in alpha and theta power but did increase self-reported sleepiness relative to controls. follow-up analyses showed that sleepiness uniquely moderated the effect of meditation on the LPP, such that less sleepiness during meditation, but not the control audio, corresponded to smaller Lpps to negative images. change in theta, but not alpha power, between meditation and rest was positively correlated with the Lpp even after controlling for sleepiness. Although the primary hypothesis was unsupported, the findings demonstrate that phenomenological and neural changes occurring during oM meditation may modulate its subsequent "off-the-cushion" effects on emotional reactivity. Originating from a 2,500-year old Buddhist contemplative tradition, mindfulness has received increased interest from people around the world. Although definitions of mindfulness vary across time and context 1 , one of the most cited contemporary definitions of mindfulness refers to the adoption of a nonelaborative, nonjudgmental awareness to present-moment experience 2,3. Driving its rising popularity, a rapidly growing body of research has shown that adoption and training of mindfulness, and possessing higher dispositional levels of mindfulness, are related to a wide array of benefits 2-5. A frequently cited benefit of mindfulness involves its salutary effects on emotion regulation 6,7 , a core selfregulatory ability involving modulation of the generation, experience, and expression of emotion 8. Despite lay and scientific consensus that mindfulness promotes healthy emotion regulation, little is known about how mindfulness confers its emotion regulatory effects. Research into this question is complicated by three factors. First, emotion regulation is conceptualized as a complex dynamic process that unfolds over time 9,10. Consequently, mechanistic investigations of mindfulness-based emotion regulation may strongly benefit from employing methodologies with temporal sensitivity. Second, mindfulness is a multi-faceted construct differentiable as a state, trait, and mind-body training modality 11,12. Moreover, mindfulness as mind-body training is itself highly varied, ranging from traditional sitting meditations to a panoply of didactic exercises and integrative interventions 13,14. This construct heterogeneity complicates operationa...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

An electrophysiological investigation on the emotion regulatory mechanisms of brief open monitoring meditation in novice non-meditators

Lin

Gloe

Louis

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In addition, there are other studies exploring the response to affective stimuli: Reva et al ( 2014 ) reported that Sahaja Yoga practitioners (CDM) had attenuated P300 for both positive and negative pictures in comparison to controls, indicating an enhanced emotional controls in meditators. Moreover, they reported no differences in long latency responses (LPP) (400–800 ms), corroborating with Sobolewski et al ( 2011 ) who studied Buddhist practices (CDM-OM), and reported LPP differences only in the frontal areas of the control group; and contrasting with Cosme and Wiens ( 2015 ) and Zhang et al ( 2019 ) who reported LPP differences between positive and negative pictures. Katyal et al ( 2020 ) explored a slightly different paradigm, the self-referential encoding task, which traditionally displays words related/unrelated to self, but here it was modified to employ self-related affective adjectives.…”

Section: Evoked Potentials/event Related Potentialssupporting

confidence: 73%

A Critical Analysis on Characterizing the Meditation Experience Through the Electroencephalogram

Deolindo

Ribeiro

Aratanha

et al. 2020

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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Meditation practices, originated from ancient traditions, have increasingly received attention due to their potential benefits to mental and physical health. The scientific community invests efforts into scrutinizing and quantifying the effects of these practices, especially on the brain. There are methodological challenges in describing the neural correlates of the subjective experience of meditation. We noticed, however, that technical considerations on signal processing also don't follow standardized approaches, which may hinder generalizations. Therefore, in this article, we discuss the usage of the electroencephalogram (EEG) as a tool to study meditation experiences in healthy individuals. We describe the main EEG signal processing techniques and how they have been translated to the meditation field until April 2020. Moreover, we examine in detail the limitations/assumptions of these techniques and highlight some good practices, further discussing how technical specifications may impact the interpretation of the outcomes. By shedding light on technical features, this article contributes to more rigorous approaches to evaluate the construct of meditation.

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“…Both savoring and mindfulness involve increased attention to the present moment; however, only savoring involves an exclusive focus on the positive aspects of experience (Lindsay & Creswell, 2017). Depending on the way in which mindfulness has been operationalized, it has been found to decrease (Zhang et al, 2019) or increase (Egan et al, 2018) the LPP to positive, negative, and neutral stimuli. In thinking about how savoring might exert a different effect than mindfulness, we suspect that if participants were asked to savor a negative picture (i.e., seek out and attend to any pleasurable/least negative aspects of the picture, while attempting to increase positive emotion to the picture), a) that the LPP would be reduced, not increased and b) that participants would rate these pictures as less negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Savor the moment: Willful increase in positive emotion and the persistence of this effect across time

Wilson

MacNamara

2020

Psychophysiology

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Savoring is an emotion regulation technique that aims to increase, sustain, and deepen positive emotion. It has been incorporated into several novel, “positive affect” interventions for anxiety, depression, and chronic pain, but has not been studied in a laboratory setting. As such, it is unknown whether savoring can modulate subjective and neural correlates of emotion‐processing and whether savoring might exert a persistent effect on stimulus processing (i.e., modulating response at subsequent encounter). Here, 49 participants savored or viewed positive and neutral pictures, before seeing the same pictures again approximately 20 min later without instructions to savor (or view) pictures. Subjective valence and arousal ratings and the picture‐elicited late positive potential (LPP) were assessed during both tasks. Results showed that savoring increased participant ratings of picture pleasantness and arousal as well as a picture‐elicited LPP. Moreover, pictures that had previously been savored continued to elicit higher ratings during the subsequent picture viewing task. A larger LPP was observed for previously savored positive and neutral pictures during an early portion of picture viewing; later on during picture viewing, this effect was limited to positive pictures only (i.e., it was not evident for neutral pictures). Results validate savoring as an effective and durable means of increasing positive emotion and are discussed in the context of a broader emotion regulation literature, which has primarily examined the downregulation of negative picture processing.

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Breath-focused mindfulness alters early and late components during emotion regulation

Cited by 33 publications

References 64 publications

An electrophysiological investigation on the emotion regulatory mechanisms of brief open monitoring meditation in novice non-meditators

An electrophysiological investigation on the emotion regulatory mechanisms of brief open monitoring meditation in novice non-meditators

A Critical Analysis on Characterizing the Meditation Experience Through the Electroencephalogram

Savor the moment: Willful increase in positive emotion and the persistence of this effect across time

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