Breath biomarkers in toxicology

Pleil, Joachim D.

doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1817-5

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 166 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Human exposure to a toxic, pollutant and potential hazardous chemical environment can generate severe health issues such as lung issues, cardiopulmonary disease, neurodegenerative diseases, disorders, cancer or even death [60,61]. After exposure to extreme environments, metabolomics can be used to perform rapid toxicological analysis of affected humans [62,63]. Blood and urine samples can be collected for analysis to determine possible inflammations by measuring the chemicals themselves or their by-products or final metabolites.…”

Section: Exposure Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71]. Exhaled breath testing has been recently implemented as a safety health status monitoring tool in occupational hazard applications such as wildfires, in dangerous industrial areas and the military to protect personnel from exogenous chemical threats [62]. Chronic exposure to harmful compounds can also be measured via breath monitoring and characterization.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Volatolomics: A broad area of experimentation

Giannoukos

Agapiou

Brkić

et al. 2019

Journal of Chromatography B

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Chemical analysis (detection and monitoring) of compounds associated with the metabolic activities of an organism is at the cutting edge of science. Volatile metabolomics (volatolomics) are applied in a broad range of applications including: biomedical research (e.g. disease diagnostic tools, personalized healthcare and nutrition, etc.), toxicological analysis (e.g. exposure tool to environmental pollutants, toxic and hazardous chemical environments, industrial accidents, etc.), molecular communications, forensics, safety and security (e.g. search and rescue operations). In the present review paper, an overview of recent advances and applications of volatolomics will be given. The main focus will be on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) originating from biological secretions of various organisms (e.g. microorganisms, insects, plants, humans) and resulting fusion of chemical information. Bench-top and portable or field-deployable technologies-systems will also be presented and discussed.

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Section: Exposure Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Volatolomics: A broad area of experimentation

Giannoukos

Agapiou

Brkić

et al. 2019

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…13,14 Human bioeffluents could increase the odor intensity in inadequately ventilated environments. 12,15 Exhaled VOCs have also received considerable attention in the field of medicine, where they are often regarded as biomarkers of disease, [16][17][18] as well as biomarkers for evaluating environmental exposure [19][20][21][22][23] Past studies have emphasized the role of human breath as a source of VOCs, yet its opposite role, as a sink for VOCs via the respiratory system, has been less studied. 12,15 Exhaled VOCs have also received considerable attention in the field of medicine, where they are often regarded as biomarkers of disease, [16][17][18] as well as biomarkers for evaluating environmental exposure [19][20][21][22][23] Past studies have emphasized the role of human breath as a source of VOCs, yet its opposite role, as a sink for VOCs via the respiratory system, has been less studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Quantitative information has been gathered on exhaled human breath as a source of VOCs. 12,15 Exhaled VOCs have also received considerable attention in the field of medicine, where they are often regarded as biomarkers of disease, [16][17][18] as well as biomarkers for evaluating environmental exposure [19][20][21][22][23] Past studies have emphasized the role of human breath as a source of VOCs, yet its opposite role, as a sink for VOCs via the respiratory system, has been less studied. It has been generally agreed that the respiratory system is one of the most important parts with respect to human exposure to VOCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human respiratory system as sink for volatile organic compounds: Evidence from field measurements

Sun

Yang

2019

Indoor Air

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Human exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via inhalation might increase the risk of specific diseases. Human breath has been widely investigated as a source of VOCs. However, the role of the human respiratory system as a sink for VOCs is much less studied. In this observational study, the VOC concentrations in inhaled and exhaled air in different environmental conditions were investigated. A total of 98 healthy non‐smoking subjects who were exposed to a wide variation in levels of VOCs participated in this study. Individual and statistical results show that human breath could serve as a source for some VOCs and a sink for others, and even when human breath serves as a sink, not all VOCs were 100% absorbed. Interestingly, an increase in inhaled concentrations of toluene was observed to convert human breath from being a source to being a sink. Attention could be given to those VOCs for which humans act as a strong sink.

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“…Recently, EBC has been used in monitoring gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (91,81,39,58), inflammatory bowel disease (56,52,44), coeliac disease (5,43). Other studies were carried out to monitor systemic sclerosis (28,93), liver diseases (6), abdominal surgery (66,84,65), obese population (13), impacts of oxidative stress (78,94,63) or for toxicity screening (34,79,57).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaled Breath Condensate: Pilot Study of the Method and Initial Experience in Healthy Subjects

Peterová

Chládek

Kohoutová

et al. 2018

Acta Med. (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub.)

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Analysis of Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a re-discovered approach to monitoring the course of the disease and reduce invasive methods of patient investigation. However, the major disadvantage and shortcoming of the EBC is lack of reliable and reproducible standardization of the method. Despite many articles published on EBC, until now there is no clear consensus on whether the analysis of EBC can provide a clue to diagnosis of the diseases. The purpose of this paper is to investigate our own method, to search for possible standardization and to obtain our own initial experience. Thirty healthy volunteers provided the EBC, in which we monitored the density, pH, protein, chloride and urea concentration. Our results show that EBC pH is influenced by smoking, and urea concentrations are affected by the gender of subjects. Age of subjects does not play a role. The smallest coefficient of variation between individual volunteers is for density determination. Current limitations of EBC measurements are the low concentration of many biomarkers. Standardization needs to be specific for each individual biomarker, with focusing on optimal condensate collection. EBC analysis has a potential become diagnostic test, not only for lung diseases.

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Breath biomarkers in toxicology

Cited by 34 publications

References 166 publications

Volatolomics: A broad area of experimentation

Volatolomics: A broad area of experimentation

Human respiratory system as sink for volatile organic compounds: Evidence from field measurements

Exhaled Breath Condensate: Pilot Study of the Method and Initial Experience in Healthy Subjects

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