Breath analysis of hydrogen peroxide as a diagnostic tool

Stolarek, Robert; Białasiewicz, Piotr; Król, Maciej; Nowak, Dariusz

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.08.031

Cited by 57 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…It is estimated that EBC contains about 0.1% condensed aerosol of ALF (although the reported range of dilution is quite wide, up to 25,000 times) [7], meaning EBC levels of TIMP-1 and MMP-9 are apparently at least 1,000-times lower than those present on the surface of airways and probably in sputum. Our asymptomatic cigarette smokers had mean TIMP-1 and MMP-9 in EBC of 16.7 and 8.5 ng/ml, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…enzymes, cytokines and proteins) are detached from airway lining fluid (ALF) and aerosolized. Therefore, it is estimated that EBC can contain these aerosols up to 0.1% of its total mass [7]. It implies that EBC content may reflect the composition of ALF and that EBC levels of inflammatory mediators may relate to the intensity of airway inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Exhalation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Patients with COPD Exacerbation: A Prospective Study

Kwiatkowska¹,

Noweta²,

Zieba

et al. 2012

Respiration

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Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its inhibitor tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) are involved in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, no study so far has addressed their value as noninvasive biomarkers of airways inflammation. Objective: To evaluate MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of patients with stable COPD and also during the exacerbation episode. Methods: EBC and serum samples were collected in 17 stable-phase COPD patients who were current smokers as well as during their first exacerbation episode, and in 22 asymptomatic smokers. EBC and serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured with ELISA kit. Results: Mean EBC MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were higher in patients with stable COPD than in asymptomatic smokers. Exacerbation of COPD increased 2-fold the exhalation of MMP-9 (18.5 ± 10.1 ng/ml vs. 8.9 ± 6.2 ng/ml, p = 0.01) and TIMP-1 (to 41.1 ± 20.4 ng/ml vs. 16.4 ± 6.8 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Both, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in EBC correlated negatively with FEV₁ (% predicted) at baseline (r = –0.78, p < 0.001 and r = –0.73, p < 0.001) and during the exacerbation episode (r = –0.57, p = 0.02 and r = –0.65, p = 0.005). Similar negative correlations were noted with FVC (% predicted), except for MMP-9 in EBC at exacerbation. Exhaled MMP-9 and TIMP-1 did not correlate with serum concentrations in COPD patients, either at baseline or during exacerbation. Conclusion: Exhaled MMP-9 and TIMP-1 increased during COPD exacerbation and was negatively correlated with spirometric variables, which suggests the usefulness of their measurement in EBC for the monitoring of airways inflammation. However, to better assess their diagnostic or prognostic value larger studies are necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Exhalation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Patients with COPD Exacerbation: A Prospective Study

Kwiatkowska¹,

Noweta²,

Zieba

et al. 2012

Respiration

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“…Breathing patterns must be taken into consideration with all EBC H 2 O 2 measurements [ 67 ]. EBC H 2 O 2 concentration varies with breathing patterns, decreasing after increased tidal volumes compared to normal breathing [ 75 ] [ 70 ], as well as flow injection analysis with fluorescence detection [ 119 ] by chemiluminescent methods [ 120 ] and by immediate on-line analysis with a commercially available amperometric biosensor (Ecocheck, Jaeger, Germany) [ 121 ].…”

Section: Biomarkers In Ebc Hydrogen Peroxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…EBC H 2 O 2 concentration varies with breathing patterns, decreasing after increased tidal volumes compared to normal breathing [ 75 ] [ 70 ], as well as flow injection analysis with fluorescence detection [ 119 ] by chemiluminescent methods [ 120 ] and by immediate on-line analysis with a commercially available amperometric biosensor (Ecocheck, Jaeger, Germany) [ 121 ]. Although chemiluminescent methods have high sensitivity, detecting H 2 O 2 in the nanomolar range, they are limited by poor day-to-day precision and typically require expensive equipment, which may not be suitable for routine clinical studies [ 67 ].…”

Section: Biomarkers In Ebc Hydrogen Peroxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaled breath condensate: a comprehensive update

Ahmadzai

Huang²,

Hettiarachchi³

et al. 2013

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Since the late 1990s, a surge in interest in the analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) resulted in the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) organising a Task Force in 2001 to develop guidelines on EBC collection and measurement of biomarkers. This Task Force published their guidelines in 2005 based on literature and expert opinions at that time, and multiple shortcomings and knowledge deficits were also identified. The clinical application of EBC collection and its biomarkers are currently still limited by several of these knowledge gaps, hence further guidelines for standardisation are required to ensure external validity. Using related articles produced since the publication of the ATS/ERS Task Force report, this paper attempts to provide a comprehensive update to the original guideline and review the methodological shortcomings identified. This review can hopefully serve as a yardstick for future studies involving this emerging clinical tool.

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“…Glucocorticosteroids may have direct effects on oxidative stress by decreasing the number and/or activity of cells involved in ROS production such as the number of neutrophils in COPD [40]. On the other hand, it has been shown that the administration of inhaled or intravenous corticosteroids in stabile COPD patient can suppress the ROS generation during treatment and decrease the DNA damage [41,42]. Our results also showed a decrease, although not significant, in the basal DNA damage in patients treated with corticosteroids (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Silva¹,

Rosa²,

Charlier³

et al. 2013

TOBIOMJ

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Abstract:Background: We aimed to assess the level of DNA damage and susceptibility to exogenous mutagens in peripheral blood cells of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients and healthy individuals by comet assay. Oxidative stress was also evaluated by means of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) in blood plasma.Methods: Case-control study enrolling 51 COPD patients and 51 controls. Peripheral blood was used to perform the alkaline (pH>13) and neutral (pH=8.5) comet assay. For the assessment of susceptibility to exogenous DNA damage, the cells were treated with methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) for 1-hour or 3-hour at 37° C. The percentage of residual DNA damage after 3-h MMS treatment was calculated using the value of 1-h MMS treatment for each subject as 100%. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring TBARS in blood plasma.Results: DNA damage in patients was significantly higher than in controls as measured by the neutral and alkaline comet assay. Residual DNA damage detected after MMS treatment increased in patients, in contrast to controls, indicating higher susceptibility to alkylation damage and/or repair inhibition. High susceptibility to exogenous DNA damage in COPD patients correlates with high amount of TBARS and low forced vital capacity and expiratory volume. Conclusion:The positive correlation between increased susceptibility to exogenous DNA damage and TBARS levels in COPD patients suggests the possible involvement of oxidative stress in damage induction and/or repair inhibition.

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Breath analysis of hydrogen peroxide as a diagnostic tool

Cited by 57 publications

References 94 publications

Enhanced Exhalation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Patients with COPD Exacerbation: A Prospective Study

Enhanced Exhalation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Patients with COPD Exacerbation: A Prospective Study

Exhaled breath condensate: a comprehensive update

DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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