Breastfeeding outcomes after assisted conception

Abstract

gestational ages. Moreover, because the use of an artificial placenta requires catheterization of umbilical vasculature and a system with sufficiently low resistance so as not to compromise the fetal heart, it seems unlikely that fetuses much below 20 weeks gestation could be adapted to or maintained on an artificial placenta. Because, from a functional perspective, current artificial placenta-based systems essentially are limited to gas exchange and the delivery of nutrition and medication, it is not possible to use this technology to supplant the role of women in natural pregnancy. As is the case with current intensive neonatal care programs, the high-cost of using this technology similarly will do much to prevent its misuse. The question of legal status is indeed an interesting one; however, it does seem counterintuitive to introduce differential legal status and protections (relative to those currently conveyed to extremely preterm infants) simply on the basis of the application of an alternative means of providing gas exchange, nutrition, and medication. Last, we are in complete agreement that, based on current publicly available data, there are many more years of work necessary before clinical application of this technology should be considered. We are very much of the view that moves to introduce this technology to the clinic in the near future should be viewed as extremely premature.

Exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months after assisted and spontaneous conceiving: a prospective study in Northern Italy

“…Still, this difference was no longer significant after adjusting for plurality and preterm birth. These differences may depend on studies' methodological limitations, which includes inadequate recruitment, lack of appropriate comparison groups and inappropriate adjustment for potential causal intermediates such as preterm birth or multiple births 14 . Indeed, Weng et al in a study conducted in a sample of 3465 women, highlighted that the effects of mode of conception on breastfeeding outcomes became insignificant in cases of exclusive singleton birth comparison 21 .…”

“…Literature highlight controversial results about breastfeeding duration after assisted pregnancy, in particular if this association exists or not, and if depends by different types or length of fertility intervention. Some authors demonstrated that women who conceived through ART stopped breastfeeding earlier or breastfed for a shorter period than those who conceived spontaneously; other authors showed no differences in the length of breastfeeding between spontaneous and fertility treated conceiving [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] .…”