Breastfeeding Initiation Associated With Reduced Incidence of Diabetes in Mothers and Offspring

Martens, Patricia J.; Shafer, Leigh Anne; Dean, Heather; Sellers, Elizabeth; Yamamoto, Jennifer M.; Ludwig, Sora; Heaman, Maureen; Phillips-Beck, Wanda; Prior, Heather J.; Morris, Margaret; McGavock, Jonathan; Dart, Allison; Shen, Garry X.

doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000001689

Cited by 47 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Similarly, the incidence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes was reduced by 17% in breastfed offspring, demonstrating the importance of breastfeeding and the programming impact of good early nutrition [306]. The mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown, but changes in insulin sensitivity, risk of obesity, gut microbiome, and maternal and infant metabolism have been suggested [306]. …”

Section: Consensus Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Offspring of obese mothers have increased long-term risks of obesity, diabetes, and CVD [305]. Interestingly, in a population level study of Caucasian and First-Nation Canadians with 24 years of follow-up, initiation of breastfeeding prior to hospital discharge was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of subsequent maternal diabetes in both mothers who had and not had GDM [306]. Similarly, the incidence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes was reduced by 17% in breastfed offspring, demonstrating the importance of breastfeeding and the programming impact of good early nutrition [306].…”

Section: Consensus Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, in a population level study of Caucasian and First-Nation Canadians with 24 years of follow-up, initiation of breastfeeding prior to hospital discharge was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of subsequent maternal diabetes in both mothers who had and not had GDM [306]. Similarly, the incidence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes was reduced by 17% in breastfed offspring, demonstrating the importance of breastfeeding and the programming impact of good early nutrition [306]. The mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown, but changes in insulin sensitivity, risk of obesity, gut microbiome, and maternal and infant metabolism have been suggested [306].…”

Section: Consensus Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Impact of Kidney Development on the Life Course: A Consensus Document for Action

Brenner

Charlton

Luyckx

et al. 2017

Nephron

115

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Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a significant impact on global morbidity and mortality. The Low Birth Weight and Nephron Number Working Group has prepared a consensus document aimed to address the relatively neglected issue for the developmental programming of hypertension and CKD. It emerged from a workshop held on April 2, 2016, including eminent internationally recognized experts in the field of obstetrics, neonatology, and nephrology. Through multidisciplinary engagement, the goal of the workshop was to highlight the association between fetal and childhood development and an increased risk of adult diseases, focusing on hypertension and CKD, and to suggest possible practical solutions for the future. The recommendations for action of the consensus workshop are the results of combined clinical experience, shared research expertise, and a review of the literature. They highlight the need to act early to prevent CKD and other related noncommunicable diseases later in life by reducing low birth weight, small for gestational age, prematurity, and low nephron numbers at birth through coordinated interventions. Meeting the current unmet needs would help to define the most cost-effective strategies and to optimize interventions to limit or interrupt the developmental programming cycle of CKD later in life, especially in the poorest part of the world.

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Section: Consensus Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consensus Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consensus Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Impact of Kidney Development on the Life Course: A Consensus Document for Action

Brenner

Charlton

Luyckx

et al. 2017

Nephron

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indigenous people worldwide are disproportionately targets of diabetes. A study found that, in Manitoba, First Nations's women had a 3.5 fold risk, and their offspring had a 5 fold risk of developing diabetes compared to non-First Nations peers [74]. Low socioeconomic status and malnutrition may also increase risks of developing T2DM [72].…”

Section: Prevention Of T2dm In Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study in Manitoba suggests that since breastfeeding is correlated with a lower rate of diabetes among women and their children, it potentially decreases the risk of developing diabetes. Breastfeeding should thus be promoted in high-risk groups to help mitigate rates of both maternal and offspring diabetes [74].…”

Section: Prevention Of T2dm In Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents: Early Prevention and Non-Drug Therapy

Lu-nan¹,

Long²,

Hui³

et al. 2017

JDM

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The global rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in youth has increased dramatically in the last 30 years. This increase mirrors the global epidemic of childhood obesity. Studies show that, compared to adults who develop T2DM, youth with T2DM ultimately suffer from more harmful symptoms. The prevalence of T2DM and obesity in youth signals a significant public health issue that financially burdens governments, families, and individuals. Since evidence suggests that T2DM in youth is different from both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults, researchers and clinicians face many difficulties in developing new treatments. Most treatment efforts have relied on drugs; however, recent studies suggest that non-drug therapy also effectively reduces obesity and diabetic symptoms. Healthier eating, increased physical exercise, and positive mental health, are often underappreciated factors towards managing obesity. Yet these lifestyle changes empower both young and older patients to independently fight diseases and attain better health. To manage the global health risk of obesity, further research addressing the prevention and nondrug early intervention of T2DM and obesity in youth is urgently needed. The present review focuses on the latest updates in the field.

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Management of Preexisting Diabetes in Pregnancy

Alexopoulos

Blair

Peters

2019

JAMA

105

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Importance: The presence of preexisting type 1 or type 2 diabetes in pregnancy increases the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, such as preeclampsia, caesarian section, pre-term delivery, macrosomia and congenital defects. Approximately 0.9% of the 4,000,000 births in the United States are complicated by preexisting diabetes. Observations: Women with diabetes have increased risk for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and similar risks are present for either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Both forms of diabetes require similar intensity of diabetes care. Preconception planning is very important to avoid unintended pregnancies, and to minimize risk of congenital defects. Hemoglobin A1c goal at conception is <6.5% and during pregnancy is <6.0%. It is also critical to screen for and optimize comorbid illnesses such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Medications known to be unsafe in pregnancy, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins, should be discontinued. Obese women should be screened for obstructive sleep apnea, which is often undiagnosed and can result in poor outcomes. Blood pressure goals must be considered carefully, as lower treatment thresholds may be required for women with nephropathy. During pregnancy, continuous glucose monitor use can improve glycemic control and neonatal outcomes for women with type 1 diabetes. Insulin is first-line therapy for all women with preexisting diabetes; injections and insulin pump therapy are both effective approaches. Rates of severe hypoglycemia are increased during pregnancy; therefore glucagon should be available and close contacts trained in its use. Low-dose aspirin is recommended soon after 12 weeks of gestation to minimize the risk of preeclampsia. The importance of discussing long-acting reversible contraception before and after pregnancy cannot be overstated, to allow for appropriate preconception planning. Conclusions and Relevance: Preexisting diabetes in pregnancy is complex and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal risk, but optimization of glycemic control, medication regimens and careful attention to comorbid conditions can help mitigate these risks, and ensure quality diabetes care before, during and after pregnancy.

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Breastfeeding Initiation Associated With Reduced Incidence of Diabetes in Mothers and Offspring

Abstract: Breastfeeding initiation is associated with a reduced risk of diabetes among women and their offspring in Manitoba. The results suggest that breastfeeding might be a potentially modifiable factor to reduce the risk of diabetes in both First Nations and non-First Nations women and children.

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

The Impact of Kidney Development on the Life Course: A Consensus Document for Action

The Impact of Kidney Development on the Life Course: A Consensus Document for Action

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents: Early Prevention and Non-Drug Therapy

Management of Preexisting Diabetes in Pregnancy

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