Breastfeeding Aversion Response (BAR): A Descriptive Study

Abstract

IntroductionFor many women, breastfeeding their infant is an enjoyable experience. Some, however, have reported negative sensations such as an overwhelming need to unlatch while breastfeeding. This phenomenon is known as breastfeeding aversion response (BAR). The incidence of BAR is unknown and literature on this experience is limited. This study therefore aimed to expand the understanding of BAR using an online survey targeting those who have experienced feelings of aversion while breastfeeding.MethodsAn online survey was distributed within Australia using purposive sampling to those who self‐identified as experiencing BAR. This survey contained 5 sections: (1) demographics and health‐related characteristics, (2) breastfeeding difficulties and onset of BAR, (3) the experience of BAR, (4) birth and breastfeeding experience, and (5) coping with BAR and support. Questions were included to test the generalizability of previous qualitative findings on BAR.ResultsParticipants (N = 210) predominantly were aged between 25 and 35 years (69.2%), were in a relationship (96.2%), and had one child (80%). BAR was more commonly experienced when feeding the first‐born child (44.8%), breastfeeding while pregnant (31%), or tandem feeding (10%). The feelings of aversion were experienced by most respondents throughout the feed while the child was latched (76.7%). More than half (52.4%) of participants reported that BAR had caused them to end breastfeeding sessions before their child was ready to stop feeding. Almost half of the participants (48.6%) reported receiving no support from a health care provider for BAR.DiscussionThis study contributes new information about the experience of BAR, including when it commonly happens and who may be at greater risk. More support is needed for women who want to breastfeed while experiencing BAR. New public health policies which promote breastfeeding are needed to help women achieve satisfying breastfeeding experiences and meet their own breastfeeding goals.

The prevalence of breastfeeding aversion response in Australia: A national cross‐sectional survey

“…Possible treatment options and self-care strategies for BAR which have been found in previous research (Morns et al, 2023)…”

“…BAR is defined as feelings of aversion while breastfeeding for the entire time that the child is latched (Morns et al, 2021 ). Previous research on BAR has identified that breastfeeding with BAR feels tiring, exhausting and sickening (Morns et al, 2023 ). The in‐the‐moment sensations of BAR were described by those experiencing it as, ‘touched out, feeling violated, feeling angry, sad, dread, anxiety, guilt, worry, and feeling a disconnect between wanting to breastfeed and having negative feelings’ (Morns et al, 2023 ).…”

“…Previous research on BAR has identified that breastfeeding with BAR feels tiring, exhausting and sickening (Morns et al, 2023 ). The in‐the‐moment sensations of BAR were described by those experiencing it as, ‘touched out, feeling violated, feeling angry, sad, dread, anxiety, guilt, worry, and feeling a disconnect between wanting to breastfeed and having negative feelings’ (Morns et al, 2023 ). BAR can also have a negative effect on maternal mental health and maternal identity (Morns et al, 2022 ), and can trigger feelings of guilt, sadness and anger (Morns et al, 2023 ).…”

“…The in‐the‐moment sensations of BAR were described by those experiencing it as, ‘touched out, feeling violated, feeling angry, sad, dread, anxiety, guilt, worry, and feeling a disconnect between wanting to breastfeed and having negative feelings’ (Morns et al, 2023 ). BAR can also have a negative effect on maternal mental health and maternal identity (Morns et al, 2022 ), and can trigger feelings of guilt, sadness and anger (Morns et al, 2023 ). Those with BAR have higher‐than‐normal levels of stress and anxiety (Morns et al, 2023 ).…”

“…BAR can also have a negative effect on maternal mental health and maternal identity (Morns et al, 2022), and can trigger feelings of guilt, sadness and anger (Morns et al, 2023). Those with BAR have higher-than-normal levels of stress and anxiety (Morns et al, 2023).…”