Breastfeeding as a public health responsibility: a review of the evidence

Brown, Amy

doi:10.1111/jhn.12496

Cited by 119 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…However the proportion of women experiencing breastfeeding challenges is significantly above this expected level. Women's ability to breastfeed is being affected by socio-cultural factors in their environment 64 ; a statement supported by vastly differing durations of breastfeeding around the world 65 (Brown, 2017). Issues such as a disinvestment in health services, negative public attitudes, unsupportive family and friends, financial pressures, and inaccurate beliefs around breastfeeding and normal infant behavior can all cause challenges with breastfeeding that lead mothers to stop before they had planned, removing their choice and volition [66][67][68][69][70][71] ( To move forward we must invest in mothers.…”

Section: The Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do Women Lose if They Are Prevented From Meeting Their Breastfeeding Goals?

Brown¹

2018

Clin Lactation

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This article explores the complex issue of breastfeeding and maternal mental health. Many women stop breastfeeding before they are ready, often leading to feelings of anxiety, guilt, and anger. Critics of breastfeeding promotion blame breastfeeding advocates for this impact, claiming that if the focus were merely on feeding the baby, with all methods equally valued and supported, maternal mental health would be protected. Established health impacts of infant feeding aside, this argument fails to account for the importance of maternal breastfeeding goals, or the physical and emotional rewards breastfeeding can bring. Although some women will take comfort in the message that what matters most is that the baby is fed, others view such suggestions as a lack of recognition of their wishes and the loss that they feel, exacerbating their grief and frustration. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of recognizing and valuing women’s individual breastfeeding goals, and not dismissing or invalidating their experience if they do not meet these by telling them that they do not matter. To move forward, we must recognize the impact of all infant feeding experiences, consider the impact of public messaging, and work to support more women to meet their goals.

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Section: The Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do Women Lose if They Are Prevented From Meeting Their Breastfeeding Goals?

Brown¹

2018

Clin Lactation

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“…Marijuana (produced from Cannabis sativa) is the illicit drug most commonly used among pregnant and breastfeeding women (Brown, 2017;Scheyer, 2019;Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2013). The main active principle of cannabis, Δ 9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), enters maternal circulation and readily crosses the placenta (Hutchings, Gamagaris, Miller, & Fico, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex‐specific behavioural deficits induced at early life by prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55, 212‐2 depend on mGlu5 receptor signalling

Manduca

Servadio

Melancia

et al. 2020

British J Pharmacology

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Background and Purpose:Marijuana is the illicit drug most commonly used among pregnant and breastfeeding women. Different studies reported long-term adverse effects induced by in utero exposure to the main component of marijuana, Δ 9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), both in rodents and in humans. However, little is known about any potential sex-dependent effects of marijuana consumption during pregnancy on newborns at early developmental ages. Experimental Approach:We studied the effects of prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 (WIN; 0.5 mgÁkg −1 from GD5 to GD20) on the emotional reactivity and cognitive performance of male and female rat offspring from infancy through adolescence and tested the role of mGlu 5 receptor signalling in the observed effects.Key Results: Prenatally WIN-exposed male infant pups emitted less isolationinduced ultrasonic vocalizations compared with male control pups, when separated from the dam and siblings and showed increased locomotor activity while females were spared. These effects were normalized when male pups were treated with the positive allosteric modulator of mGlu 5 receptor CDPPB. When tested at the prepubertal and pubertal periods, WIN-prenatally exposed rats of both sexes did not show any difference in social play behaviour, anxiety and temporal order memory. Conclusions and Implications:We reveal a previously undisclosed sexual divergence in the consequences of fetal cannabinoids on newborns at early developmental ages, which is dependent on mGlu 5 receptor signalling. These results provide new impetus for the urgent need to investigate the functional and behavioural substrates of prenatal cannabinoid exposure in both the male offspring and the female offspring. Abbreviations: % OE, percentage of open arm entries; % TO, percentage of time spent in the open arms; CDPPB, the positive allosteric modulator of mGlu 5 receptors; CTRL, control; GD, gestational day; HDIPS, number of exploratory head dips; PND, postnatal day; SAP, number of stretched-attend postures; USVs, isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations; VEH, vehicle; WIN, the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2.

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“…While it is known that barriers to breastfeeding occur at the social, cultural and political level that are outside of maternal control [24], there are di erences in contexts of these factors. Prevalence of traditional beliefs and wrong practices among women (both rural and urban areas) are a major deterrent to exclusive breastfeeding [12,13,57].…”

Section: Related Work 31 Breastfeeding Practices In India Support Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedpal

Yadav

Malik

Dabas

et al. 2019

Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.

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Use of chatbots in di erent spheres of life is continuously increasing since a couple of years. We attempt to understand the potential of chatbots for breastfeeding education by conducting an Wizard-of-Oz experiment with 22 participants. Our participants included breastfeeding mothers and community health workers from the slum areas of Delhi, India. We prototyped our chatbot as an interactive question-answering application and analyzed users' interaction patterns, perceptions, and contexts of use. The chatbot use cases emerged primarily as the rst line of support. The participants, especially the mothers, were enthusiastic with the opportunity to ask questions and get reliable answers. We also observed the in uencing role of female relative, e.g. mothers-in-law, in breastfeeding practices. Our analysis of user information-seeking suggests that a majority of questions (88%) are of nature that can be answered by a chatbot application. We further observe that the queries are embedded deeply into myths and existing belief systems. Therefore requiring the designers to focus on subtle aspects for providing information such as positive reinforcement and contextual sensitivity. Further, we discuss, di erent societal and ethical issues associated with Chatbot usage for a public health topic such as breastfeeding education.

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Breastfeeding as a public health responsibility: a review of the evidence

Cited by 119 publications

References 126 publications

What Do Women Lose if They Are Prevented From Meeting Their Breastfeeding Goals?

What Do Women Lose if They Are Prevented From Meeting Their Breastfeeding Goals?

Sex‐specific behavioural deficits induced at early life by prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55, 212‐2 depend on mGlu5 receptor signalling

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