Breastfeeding and Sustainable Development

Abstract

ÖZEmzirmenin ana-çocuk sağlığı üzerine kısa ve uzun dönemde olumlu etkileri bulunmaktadır. Çocukluk çağı enfeksiyonları ve maloklüzyona karşı koruyucu olan emzirmenin çocuklarda zekâyı arttırdığı ve obeziteyi azalttığına dair birçok çalışma vardır. Anneler açısından bakıldığında ise, uzun süreli emzirme kadınları meme ve over kanserinden korumakta, doğum aralıklarını açarak sonraki gebeliği ertelemektedir. Emzirme, ana-çocuk sağlığı yararlarının ötesinde küresel sürdürülebilir kalkınma için de önemli bir bileşendir. Ülke gelir gruplarına göre emzirme değerlendirildiğinde "ilk bir saat'te emzirmeye başlama'' göstergesi dışında diğer tüm göstergeler için ülke gelir grubu arttıkça emzirme oranları azalmaktadır. Türkiye'de beş yaş altı çocukla-rın %96'sı bir süre emzirilmektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün ''İlk altı ay yalnızca anne sütü'' önerisine rağmen, Türkiye'de altıncı aydaki bebeklerde bu oran %4,7 ile beklenen düzeyin çok altındadır. Ocak 2016'da gerçekleştirilen Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Zirvesi'nde, 2015'te sona eren Milenyum Kalkınma Hedeflerinin yerini almak üzere Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri belirlenmiştir. Emzirme temelde tüm hedefler ile ilişkilendiriliyor olmakla birlikte, bu derlemede emzirme ile en fazla iliş-kilendirilen sekiz hedef (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12) üzerinde durulmuştur.Anahtar kelimeler: Emzirme, ana-çocuk sağlığı, sürdürülebilir kalkınma ABSTRACTBreastfeeding has substantial short-and long-term positive influences on maternal and infant health. Many studies have indicated that it is highly protective against childhood infections and malocclusion, enhances intelligence and decreases obesity. Prolonged breastfeeding provides a natural protection for women against breast and ovarian cancer while postponing the next pregnancy by means of extending the birth intervals. Breastfeeding, beyond its benefits for maternal and infant health, it is a substantial component for sustainable development on a global scale. When breastfeeding is assessed based on country's income brackets, for all of indicators apart from the indicator of "commencing breast-feeding within the first hour", the higher the income bracket of the country is, the lower are the rates of breastfeeding. In Turkey 96% of the children under five years of age are subject to breastfeeding for a while. Notwithstanding with the "Exclusive Breastfeeding up to six months of age" recommendation of the World Health Organization, this rate of 4.7% among the babies of six months of age in Turkey is far below the expected level. World Sustainable Development Summit was held in January 2016 and Sustainable Development Goals spearheaded by the United Nations were determined in order to replace the Millennium Development Goals which was ended in 2015. Although breastfeeding is more or less essentially associated with the entire goals, in this compilation, emphasis has been laid on eight goals (1,2,3,4,5,8,10,12) that are mostly associated with breastfeeding.Keywords: Breastfeeding, maternal and infant health, sustainable development GİRİŞAnne ...

Determinantes sociais da saúde, aleitamento materno e diminuição das iniquidades em saúde

“…Consequently, breastfeeding is directly or indirectly associated with all the SDGs, being essential for the achievement of the first, second, and third objectives, which include, respectively, the eradication of poverty; zero nutrition and hunger; and maternal and child health and well-being (United Nations, 2015). In addition, breastfeeding influences cognitive development and the increase of human capital, which can contribute to the achievement of the fourth SDG, which deals with quality education; as well as for the fifth SDG that refers to gender equality, considering that BF is a great equalizer that allows each child a fair and better start in life, in addition to being a unique right of women in which they must be supported by society (United Nations, 2015;Özilice & Güna, 2018;Katsinde & Sriniva, 2016).…”

“…We also need to reflect that women who breastfeed and are supported by their bosses are more productive and loyal to their jobs and that BF helps to bridge the gap between the richest and poorest population, in addition to breast milk is a natural source of nutrition and sustenance, healthy, viable, sustainable and non-polluting or degrading the environment. As a result, breastfeeding also includes the eighth, tenth, and twelfth SDGs, which concern economic growth, the reduction of inequalities, and responsible consumption and production (United Nations, 2015;Özilice & Güna, 2018;Katsinde & Sriniva, 2016).…”