Breastfeeding and Growth of Children in the Peri/postnatal Epigenetic Twins Study (PETS)

Temples, Heide S.; Willoughby, Deborah; Holaday, Bonnie; Rogers, Curtis; Wueste, Daniel E.; Bridges, William C.; Saffery, Richard; Craig, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1177/0890334416637594

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Plausible mechanisms for the development of adiposity during a sensitive, early window of nutritional exposure include permanent structural changes, such as decreased b cell mass, accelerated cellular aging, telomere shortening with cell division and oxidative damage, and epigenetic programming changes from transcription to protein translation (39,45). Our results suggest that the earliest months of life (,3 mo of cumulative breastfeeding) are a crucial time period during postnatal growth in the development of adipose tissue (38,46,47).…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…When restricted to full breastfeeding, each additional month of full breastfeeding reduced the risk of overweight by 6%/mo (11), suggesting that exclusivity of breastfeeding is central to the mechanism of protection (38,39). Owen et al (9) concluded that breastfeeding reduces obesity risk compared with formula feeding (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.89).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infant feeding and growth trajectory patterns in childhood and body composition in young adulthood

Rzehak¹,

Oddy

Mearin

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Growth patterns of breastfed and formula-fed infants may differ, with formula-fed infants growing more rapidly than breastfed infants into childhood and adulthood. Objective: Our objectives were to identify growth patterns and investigate early nutritional programming potential on growth patterns at 6 y and on body composition at 20 y. Design: The West Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study and 3 European cohort studies (European Childhood Obesity Trial, Norwegian Human Milk Study, and Prevention of Coeliac Disease) that collaborate in the European Union-funded Early Nutrition project combined, harmonized, and pooled data on full breastfeeding, anthropometry, and body composition. Latent growth mixture modeling was applied to identify growth patterns among the 6708 individual growth trajectories. The association of full breastfeeding for ,3 mo compared with $3 mo with the identified trajectory classes was assessed by logistic regression. Differences in body composition at 20 y among the identified trajectory classes were tested by analysis of variance. Results: Three body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ) trajectory patterns were identified and labeled as follows-class 1: persistent, accelerating, rapid growth (5%); class 2: early, nonpersistent, rapid growth (40%); and class 3: normative growth (55%). A shorter duration of full breastfeeding for ,3 mo was associated with being in rapidgrowth class 1 (OR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.48, 4.79) and class 2 (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.51, 2.55) rather than the normative-growth class 3 after adjustment for covariates. Both rapid-growth classes showed significant associations with body composition at 20 y (P , 0.0001). Conclusions: Full breastfeeding for ,3 mo compared with $3 mo may be associated with rapid growth in early childhood and body composition in young adulthood. Rapid-growth patterns in early childhood could be a mediating link between infant feeding and long-term obesity risk.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106:568-80.

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Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant feeding and growth trajectory patterns in childhood and body composition in young adulthood

Rzehak¹,

Oddy

Mearin

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…Similarly, unadjusted models for the associations between longitudinal postnatal depressive symptoms and child growth (results not shown) were followed by adjusted models of postnatal depressive symptoms on child growth. We additionally adjusted for antenatal depression (yes, no), cigarette smoking during pregnancy (yes, no), alcohol usage during pregnancy (yes, no), gestational diabetes (yes, no), gestational hypertension (yes, no), and breastfeeding at hospital discharge (yes, no), as well as for the confounders listed above. All models were adjusted for the children's age at last assessment of growth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of Maternal Depression and Sex‐Specific Child Growth, the Upstate KIDS Study

Park

Sundaram

Gilman

et al. 2017

Obesity

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Objective Equivocal findings have been reported between maternal depression and children’s growth possibly given limited attention to its disproportionate impact by child sex. We assessed the relationship between the timing of maternal depression and children’s growth in a population-based prospective birth cohort with particular attention to sex differences. Methods The Upstate KIDS Study comprised 4,394 children followed through 3 years of age from 2008 to 2010. Maternal depression was measured antenatally by linkage with hospital discharge records before delivery, and postnatally, by depressive symptoms reported from questionnaires. Child’s growth was measured by sex-and-age-specific weight, height, weight-for-height, and body mass index. Adjusted linear mixed effects models were used to estimate growth outcomes for the full sample and separately by plurality and sex. Results Antenatal depression was associated with lower weight-for-age (−0.24 z-score units; 95%CI: −0.43, −0.05) and height-for-age (−0.26; −0.51, −0.02) among singleton boys. Postnatal depressive symptoms were associated with higher weight-for-height (0.21; 0.01, 0.42) among singleton girls. Conclusions Our findings suggest that antenatal depression was associated with lower weight and smaller height only for boys, while postnatal depressive symptom was associated with higher weight-for- height only for girls. Timing of depression and the mechanisms of sex-specific responses require further examination.

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“…75 A recent study concluded that the mean body mass index (BMI) decreases from 85 to 65% when infants are breastfed for 4-6 months as opposed to 1-3 months and supplementation with non-breast milk before 4 months of age correlates with an increased BMI, arm circumference, and abdominal circumference at 18 months of age. 80 Breastfeeding may even confer protective effects on offspring obesity in children whose mothers experienced pre-gestational diabetes. 81 Longer duration of breastfeeding may attenuate the risk of obesity in offspring whose mothers experienced excessive gestational weight gain.…”

Section: Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

Rosenfeld

2016

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Abundant evidence exists linking maternal and paternal environments from pericopconception through the postnatal period to later risk to offspring diseases. This concept was first articulated by the late Sir David Barker and as such coined the Barker Hypothesis. The term was then mutated to Fetal Origins of Adult Disease and finally broadened to developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) in recognition that the perinatal environment can shape both health and disease in resulting offspring. Developmental exposure to various factors, including stress, obesity, caloric-rich diets and environmental chemicals can lead to detrimental offspring health outcomes. However, less attention has been paid to date on measures that parents can take to promote the long-term health of their offspring. In essence, have we neglected to consider the ‘H’ in DOHaD? It is the ‘H’ component that should be of primary concern to expecting mothers and fathers and those seeking to have children. While it may not be possible to eliminate exposure to all pernicious factors, prevention/remediation strategies may tip the scale to health rather than disease. By understanding disruptive DOHaD mechanisms, it may also illuminate behavioral modifications that parents can adapt before fertilization and throughout the neonatal period to promote the lifelong health of their male and female offspring. Three possibilities will be explored in the current review: parental exercise, probiotic supplementation and breastfeeding in the case of mothers. The ‘H’ paradigm should be the focus going forward as a healthy start can indeed last a lifetime.

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Breastfeeding and Growth of Children in the Peri/postnatal Epigenetic Twins Study (PETS)

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Infant feeding and growth trajectory patterns in childhood and body composition in young adulthood

Infant feeding and growth trajectory patterns in childhood and body composition in young adulthood

Timing of Maternal Depression and Sex‐Specific Child Growth, the Upstate KIDS Study

Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

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