Breastfeeding: A holistic Concept Analysis

Bomer-Norton, Christy

doi:10.1111/phn.12047

Cited by 14 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…It is considered that some recommendations and considerations, derived from the results of the present research, are important: (1) it is important to understand that the breastfeeding process is dynamic and, as such, the evaluations and the diagnostic judgment can undergo modifications as a function of time in which the data is collected;(2) the defining characteristics usually do not dispose alone of predictive power or sufficient explanation so that the nurse can elaborate an accurate clinical judgment only with an indicator being expected that a greater number of characteristics are investigated and gathered for a more precise judgment on the occurrence or not of ineffective breastfeeding;(3) to experiment with the construction of models of clinical indicators (defining characteristics) and rules of use that are capable of better representing the relationships between them and the diagnosis to be characterized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a conceptual point of view, it can be understood as a biopsychosocial process of dynamic relationship between a woman and a child, which is initiated at a specific interval after birth, with different levels of efficacy in terms of provision and breastmilk receiving during each feeding session (1) . In Brazil, the Ministry of Health, dealing with the nutrition of the child in a publication addressed to primary care, recognizes that breastfeeding is much more than nurturing and highlights the role of the health professional to increase breastfeeding rates in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical defining characteristics for nursing diagnosis about ineffective breastfeeding

et al. 2018

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Objective: To investigate the Nursing diagnostic accuracy measures and to propose a model to use defining characteristics in order to judge the nursing diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding. Method: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 73 binomials mom-child hospitalized in a maternity ward of an University Hospital, from July to August of 2014. Results: The diagnostic predominance rate was 58.9%. The characteristics that best meet the needs of logistic regression model were: discontinuance of breast sucking; infant's inability of seizing the areola-nipple region correctly; infant's crying one hour after breastfeeding and inappropriate milk supply perceived. Conclusion: Breastfeeding process is dynamic; diagnostic judgement may suffer some changes according to the time data are collected; the defining characteristics are the best predictors if associated with models and rules of use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical defining characteristics for nursing diagnosis about ineffective breastfeeding

et al. 2018

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“…Although a preponderance of evidence documents the benefits of breastfeeding, complications associated with studying human populations limit precise determination of the specific biological processes or factors that underlie these benefits. Socioeconomic status and maternal education are known confounding factors that influence outcomes in studies of human subjects, in addition to maternal health, feeding pattern, and duration of exclusive feeding [23, 24]. Biological, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors, in addition to breastfeeding [25], have also been found to relate to behavioral measures in large-scale, population-based cohort infant studies, while other studies have identified that social and home environmental factors heavily mediate the relationship between cognitive performance and breastfeeding [26, 27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of breastfeeding versus formula-feeding on cerebral cortex maturation in infant rhesus macaques

et al. 2019

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Breastfeeding is positively associated with several outcomes reflecting early brain development and cognitive functioning. Brain neuroimaging studies have shown that exclusively breastfed children have increased white matter and subcortical gray matter volume compared to formula-fed children. However, it is difficult to disentangle the effects of nutrition in breast milk from other confounding factors that affect brain development, particularly in studies of human subjects. Among the nutrients provided by human breast milk are the carotenoid lutein and the natural form of tocopherol, both of which are selectively deposited in brain. Lutein is the predominant carotenoid in breast milk but not in most infant formulas, whereas infant formulas are supplemented with the synthetic form of tocopherol. In this study, a non-human primate model was used to investigate the effects of breastfeeding versus formula-feeding, as well as lutein and natural RRR-α-tocopherol supplementation of infant formula, on brain maturation under controlled experimental conditions. Infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were exclusively breastfed, or were fed infant formulas with different levels and sources of lutein and α-tocopherol. Of note, the breastfed group were mother-reared whereas the formula-fed infants were nursery-reared. Brain structural and diffusion MR images were collected, and brain T was measured, at two, four and six months of age. The mother-reared breastfed group was observed to differ from the formula-fed groups by possessing higher diffusion fractional anisotropy (FA) in the corpus callosum, and lower FA in the cerebral cortex at four and six months of age. Cortical regions exhibiting the largest differences include primary motor, premotor, lateral prefrontal, and inferior temporal cortices. No differences were found between the formula groups. Although this study did not identify a nutritional component of breast milk that could be provided to infant formula to facilitate brain maturation consistent with that observed in breastfed animals, our findings indicate that breastfeeding promoted maturation of the corpus callosum and cerebral cortical gray matter in the absence of several confounding factors that affect studies in human infants. However, differences in rearing experience remain as a potential contributor to brain structural differences between breastfed and formula fed infants.

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“…Lactation has been a critical public health intervention [9]. The World Health Organization [10] recommends exclusive breast-feeding for the first six months of life and continued breast feeding up to two years of age or beyond.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Apparel Needs of Lactating Mothers in Taraba State, Nigeria

Janet¹

2017

IJCA

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The major purpose of this study was to develop functional apparels for lactating mothers. In order to achieve this, ten specific purposes were stated to guide the study; eight research questions were posed while seven null hypotheses were formulated. The study adopted Research and Development (R and D) The instruments were subjected to face validation by five experts, two experts from the Department of Home Economics and Hospitality Management Education; one from Measurement and Evaluation, Department of Science Education; all of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. One from College of Agriculture, Jalingo, and one from Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi. In order to determine the reliability of the research instruments, the questionnaire (FANAQLM and QEFAJUM) were trial tested by administering thirty copies of the questionnaire to 30 respondents from Plateau State. The FANAQLM yielded reliability index of 0.85, 0.78, 0.93, 0.81, 0.66 and 0.86 for clusters A, B, C, D, E and F respectively and an overall reliability index of 0.91 was determined for the instrument and QEFAJUM yielded a reliability index of 0.94. This was done using Cronbach alpha reliability method. Based on the geographical spread of the population across the State, four research assistants from the Home Economic Section of College of Agriculture Jalingo who know the terrain of the study area were instructed on how data should be collected for the study while the researcher coordinated the activities of the four research assistants and collated the retrieved questionnaire after the period of administration for data analysis. All the instruments administered to the respondents were returned which represent 100% return rate. Mean and standard deviation were used for answering the research questions while ANOVA was used to test hypotheses 1-6 and t-test statistics was used in testing hypothesis 7, all at 0.05 level of probability. The findings of the study showed that lactating mothers engaged in 15 various operations/activities involved in lactation, there are 12 functional apparels' needs for lactating mothers, there are 19 design criteria to be adopted to produce functional apparels to accommodate the needs/activities performed by lactating mothers, there are nine functional and five aesthetic design features preferred by the lactating mothers, there are four functional openings with fastening needs for easy and discreet lactation. Based on the findings of the study, seven functional apparels were developed and coded for easy identification. Therefore, the researcher recommends that clothing manufacturers, designers, and entrepreneurial should recognize functional apparel needs for lactating mothers during their process of construction. They should also consider fashion, aesthetic, fit, fabric and design in conjunction with functionality of the lactating apparels. They should provide diverse sizes assortment for the lactating mothers.

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Breastfeeding: A holistic Concept Analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 72 publications

Critical defining characteristics for nursing diagnosis about ineffective breastfeeding

Critical defining characteristics for nursing diagnosis about ineffective breastfeeding

The effects of breastfeeding versus formula-feeding on cerebral cortex maturation in infant rhesus macaques

Functional Apparel Needs of Lactating Mothers in Taraba State, Nigeria

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