Breast tissue characterization using FARMA modeling of ultrasonic RF echo

Histology-based simulations for the ultrasonic detection of microscopic cancer in vivo

“…Extensive experimental data show tissue modifications due to breast, prostate, and other cancers affect ultrasonic backscatter measurements, and both empirical and analytical models have been developed to estimate tissue parameters such as cell sizes and distributions. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Empirical models statistically define spectral parameters from tissue measurements, and studies have shown excellent agreement for homogeneous tissues but discrepancies for heterogeneous tissues. 7 Analytical models average the scattering from uniformly distributed cells or cell nuclei, and employ simplifications such as single scattering, weak scattering (Born approximation), and fluidlike tissue properties (no shear waves).…”

Two-dimensional ARMA modeling for breast cancer detection and classification

“…The large amount of negative biopsies encountered in clinical practice could be reduced if a computer system was available to help the radiologists screen breast images. Broadly, the CAD systems proposed in the literature can be grouped into four major categories: geometrical [1], artificial intelligence [2], pyramidal (or multiresolution) [3], and model-based techniques [4], [5]. Geometrical methods employ morphological and other segmentation techniques to extract small specks of calcium known as microcalcifications from breast images [1].…”

“…Limited by the size of the basic wavelet function, the downside of the uniform resolution is uniformly poor resolution. Model-based methods include linear, non-linear and finite-element methods to build an accurate model of the breast [4], [5]. The model is subsequently used for image matching, detection, and classification [5].…”

“…Model-based methods include linear, non-linear and finite-element methods to build an accurate model of the breast [4], [5]. The model is subsequently used for image matching, detection, and classification [5]. The accuracy of the results are tied to the accuracy of the considered model.…”

“…It is, therefore, surprising that very few researchers have attempted to derive a general ARMA representation of the breast, and use it for tumor detection and classification. In [5], the authors use a one-dimensional fractional differencing autoregressive moving average (FARMA) process to model the ultrasound RF echo reflected from the breast tissue. However, by considering separate scan lines, they do not take into account the two-dimensional spatial correlation between the pixels in the image.…”