Breast Sonography – 2D, 3D, 4D Ultrasound or Elastography?

Weismann, Christian; Mayr, Christian; Egger, H.; Auer, Alena

doi:10.1159/000327504

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The tissue compression might still be operator dependent, and even a slight touch of the skin might influence the elastography result [10]. Few studies on SWUE have reported the choice of the region of interest (ROI)’s size [1], [8], while its effect on SWUE measurements has not yet been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic Modulus of Muscle and Tendon with Shear Wave Ultrasound Elastography: Variations with Different Technical Settings

et al. 2012

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Standardization on Shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWUE) technical settings will not only ensure that the results are accurate, but also detect any differences over time that may be attributed to true physiological changes. The present study evaluated the variations of elastic modulus of muscle and tendon using SWUE when different technical aspects were altered. The results of this study indicated that variations of elastic modulus of muscle and tendon were found when different transducer’s pressure and region of interest (ROI)’s size were applied. No significant differences in elastic modulus of the rectus femoris muscle and patellar tendon were found with different acquisition times of the SWUE sonogram. The SWUE on the muscle and tendon should be performed with the lightest transducer’s pressure, a shorter acquisition time for the SWUE sonogram, while measuring the mean elastic modulus regardless the ROI’s size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic Modulus of Muscle and Tendon with Shear Wave Ultrasound Elastography: Variations with Different Technical Settings

et al. 2012

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“…Reviewing copies of a stored volume allows several trainees to be taught at the same time to recognize the fetal anatomy hidden within the volume [4,16]. 25 years after the introduction of three-dimensional ultrasound in clinical diagnostics, 3 D/4 D ultrasound provides such a broad diagnostic spectrum in the daily routine that it has become a fixture in targeted prenatal diagnosis as well as in the clarification of gynecological findings [21, 32 -35], pelvic floor defects [36], and in breast diagnostics [37]. The same is also true for various other areas of specialization [38 -40].…”

Section: Years Of 3 D Ultrasound In Prenatal Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

25 Years of 3D Ultrasound in Prenatal Diagnosis (1989–2014)

Merz¹

2015

Ultraschall in Med

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25 years of 3?D ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis represent an important milestone in recent ultrasound history. The initial stages of 3?D ultrasound were anything but easy. Although there were reports of initial experimental in-vitro ultrasound studies as early as the 1970s and 1980s 1 2, clinical use did not begin until the first commercial 3?D ultrasound unit (Combison 330, Kretztechnik Zipf, Austria) was introduced in 1989 (Fig.?1) 3 4. With this unit it became possible for the first time to produce so-called multiplanar (=?triplanar) images. This means that it was possible to display the three orthogonal two-dimensional image planes at the same time on the monitor (Fig.?2). Volume acquisition via a relatively large abdominal 3?D probe, which ? in contrast to the 2?D probe ? had to be held at a right angle to acquire a longitudinal scan, was unfamiliar (Fig.?3a, b). In contrast to the abdominal 3?D probe that acquired a pyramid-shaped volume with motor-controlled mechanical fan-shaped sweep of the scanning plane, a rotation method was selected for the volume acquisition with the 3?D vaginal probe for reasons of space. However, this had the disadvantage of central overlapping of all sectional planes resulting in limited image quality at the center (Fig.?3c, d). This disadvantage could not be eliminated until it became possible to perform a motor-controlled mechanical fan-shaped sweep of the imaging plane for volume acquisition with the 3?D vaginal probe. The introduction of the so-called surface mode made it possible to visualize surface images of the fetus and embryo with an abdominal as well as a vaginal 3?D probe. Due to the substantial processing power that this required, it initially (1992) took 6?hours to create one surface image with an external computer. Today a surface rendering of one image takes between 20 and 50 milliseconds depending on the volume. Parallel to this so-called internal or integrated system in which the complete 3?D unit is permanently integrated in the ultrasound unit and the 3?D probes are matched to the system (Fig.?4) 5, so-called external 3?D systems (e.?g. TomTec, Echotech, InViVo-System), in which acquisitions can be performed using any conventional 2?D probe, were also developed 5. An electromagnetic position sensor must simply be attached to the probe so that the transducer position and movements can be recorded on the basis of changes in the magnetic field (Fig.?4). After transfer of the individual 2?D images to a workstation, the images and their individual positions are assembled by a computer program to form a volume. The disadvantage of external systems is that the distances between the individual two-dimensional image planes are usually not identical due to the manual probe guidance, resulting in a lower volume quality, and that 4?D display is not possible 5. Due to the initial problems with 3?D ultrasound, many experienced 2?D ultrasound operators were initially skeptical of this new technique. Therefore, 3?D ultrasound was viewed as a difficult, inconvenient, and unn...

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“…Оценивая роль различных вариантов эластографии в современной УЗИ-диагностике, C. Weismann et al подчеркивают, что эластография не является самосто-ятельной диагностической методикой, но является разумным дополнением к стандартному УЗИ [21][22][23].…”

Section: Every Year More Than 1 Million New Cases Of Breast Cancer Arunclassified