Breast screening in the emerging world: High prevalence of breast cancer in Cairo

Developing and testing an instrument for identifying culture-specific barriers to breast cancer screening in Israeli Arab women

“…A telephone population-based survey of 929 randomly selected women showed that 74.1% of Jewish women aged 50' and 45% of Arab women had ever undergone mammography. These lower rates among Arab women are partially responsible for diagnosis at a more advanced stage of the disease [16,17].…”

Early Detection and Prevention of Breast Cancer: The Increasing Importance of Midwives in the Future

“…Two major randomized trials in Mumbai and Cairo comparing CBE and no screening are now addressing this dilemma. In Mumbai CBE and education are performed by female health workers who underwent five months of additional training, while in Cairo examinations are performed by female physicians who received two months of special training (Boulos et al, 2005;Mittra et al, 2010). In both studies there have been difficulties in assuring follow-up, a problem in many cases due to low levels of health awareness and motivation in screened communities (Miller, 2008;Mittra et al, 2010;Mittra, 2011).…”

“…All these qualities make them better informed about BC than other women (Budden, 1999;Fischer et al, 2003;Frank et al, 2000;Gigerenzer et al, 2009;Jirojwong & MacLennan, 2002;Plesničar et al, 2004a;Plesničar et al, 2010). It should also be taken into account that due to their specific education and positive attitude toward BSE, midwifery students should be at the end of their study able to teach BSE to other women and perform CBE quite efficiently (Boulos et al, 2005;Miller et al, 2000;Mittra et al, 2010;Plesničar et al, 2004a;Plesničar et al, 2010).…”

“…In some circumstances, for example those distinctive of LMIC countries, midwives could perform their specific activities associated with BC alone. At least in the beginning, midwives could perform CBE as recommended in prevailing guidelines (Boulos et al, 2005;Meissner et al, 2011;Mittra et al, 2010;Plesničar et al, 2010; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2009). Besides performing CBE with or without mammography, the activity of midwives could expand to informing women about breast health awareness (BHA).…”

Breast cancer awareness, attitude and screening practices in Nigeria: A systematic review

“…Incidence of breast cancer varies from 27% of cancers in North African countries (Algeria and Egypt) to 15% in sub-Saharan Africa (Parkin et al, 2003). The actual incidence of breast cancer is generally not known (Boulos et al, 2005) however; an increasing incidence of the disease in many parts of Africa was indicated by several publications (Onwere et al, 2009;Anyanwu et al, 2011). Breast cancer affect women in any age range are at risk of breast cancer and the risks increases with advanced age (Omotara et al, 2012).…”