Breast Phantom Imaging Using Iteratively Corrected Coherence Factor Delay and Sum

Abstract

In this paper, a system for microwave breast tumor detection is presented using iteratively corrected coherence factor delay and sum (CF-DAS) algorithm. CF-DAS is data independent, which makes it stable in a noisy environment. However, data adaptive techniques have made significant progress by enhancing the image quality in microwave tomography. Thus, a novel data adaptive iterative variant of CF-DAS is proposed in this paper to produce stable and accurate images. The microwave imaging (MI) system contains a rotatable array of nine modified antipodal Vivaldi antennas in a circular arrangement, an array-mounting stand based on the stepper motor, the flexible phantom mounting podium, a control system for RF switching of the transceivers, and signal processing unit based on personal computer involved in the reconstruction of the image. The impedance bandwidth of the modified antenna is recorded from 2.5 to 11 GHz with stable directional radiation pattern. For performing the transmission and reception of the microwave signals, an SP8T nine port RF switch is used ranging from 2.5 to 8.0 GHz, and the switching is controlled by MATLAB software. Several low-cost lab-based homogenous and heterogeneous phantoms containing the dielectric property of human breast and tumor tissue are prepared to test the system efficiency. Since typical data independent radar-based techniques are ill-equipped for multiple reflection scenarios, an iteratively corrected variant of CF-DAS algorithm is used for processing the recorded backscattered signals to reconstruct the image of the breast phantom and to identify the existence and locate the area of the multiple breast tumors. The proposed method achieves more than 10-dB improvement over conventional CF-DAS in terms of signal to mean ratio for four different phantoms measured in this study.INDEX TERMS Breast phantom, CF-DAS algorithm, tumor detection, antipodal Vivaldi antenna array, microwave imaging.

Multi-stage feature selection (MSFS) algorithm for UWB-based early breast cancer size prediction

“…Table 1 shows the dielectric properties of breast phantom and tumor used in this research, mimicking the dielectric properties of real human breast. The experimental setup used in this work is similar to the approach used in works discussed in [ 25 ] and [ 26 ]. Such setup has shown that certain type of containers are still being used to hold the breast phantom during the measurement.…”

Metamaterial Loaded Nine High Gain Vivaldi Antennas Array for Microwave Breast Imaging Application

“…Finally, an array of nine antennas were simulated, placing surrounding a breast phantom. The scattered signals are post-processed using open-source program MERIT [33] and the IC-CF-DAS algorithm [34]. The imaging results prove that the imaging setup can successfully detect tumor inside the breast tissues.…”

“…The microwave signal propagates through the phantom and signals are backscattered from various tissue layers. The backscattered data is captured and further analysed by using the MATLAB based MERIT (Microwave Radar Based Imaging Toolbox) open-source software [48] and IC-CF-DAS algorithm described in [34]. VOLUME XX, 2017 The S-parameters of the imaging setup is presented in Figure 16(b).…”

A 16‐modified antipodal Vivaldi antenna array for microwave‐based breast tumor imaging applications

“…Numerous antennas are designed over time for breast phantom imaging, such as pyramidal horn antenna, 2 the Vivaldi antenna, [3][4][5] CPW antenna, 6 EBG antenna and metamaterials, 7 array antenna, 8 and the slotted antenna. [9][10][11][12] The main difficulty of designing an antipodal Vivaldi antenna is to get a directive radiation pattern and a lower frequency band resonance with compact dimension. From 1987, Vivaldi antenna design has given much consideration for medical applications for the identical properties that are desired for microwave imaging.…”

“…Numerous antennas are designed over time for breast phantom imaging, such as pyramidal horn antenna, the Vivaldi antenna, CPW antenna, EBG antenna and metamaterials, array antenna, and the slotted antenna . The main difficulty of designing an antipodal Vivaldi antenna is to get a directive radiation pattern and a lower frequency band resonance with compact dimension.…”