Breast Pain

Berens, Pamela D.

doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000153

Cited by 44 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Human milk is a complex and live fluid, containing a relatively diverse and potential beneficial microbiota under healthy conditions 1 , which enhances gut microbiota colonization, likely stimulates commensal tolerance and supports the maturation of the immune system 2 – 5 . Occasionally, the lactating mother is afflicted with the development of mastitis, which frequently arises during the first 6 weeks post-partum and is one of the main causes of early weaning 6 – 8 . According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mastitis affects up to 33% of lactating women 9 , but this is likely biased by the difficulties for defining the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk microbiota in sub-acute lactational mastitis induces inflammation and undergoes changes in composition, diversity and load

Boix-Amorós

Hernández-Aguilar

Artacho

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Sub-acute mastitis (SAM) is a prevalent disease among lactating women, being one of the main reasons for early weaning. Although the etiology and diagnosis of acute mastitis (AM) is well established, little is known about the underlying mechanisms causing SAM. We collected human milk samples from healthy and SAM-suffering mothers, during the course of mastitis and after symptoms disappeared. Total (DNA-based) and active (RNA-based) microbiota were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR. Furthermore, mammary epithelial cell lines were exposed to milk pellets, and levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukin IL8 were measured. Bacterial load was significantly higher in the mastitis samples and decreased after clinical symptoms disappeared. Bacterial diversity was lower in SAM milk samples, and differences in bacterial composition and activity were also found. Contrary to AM, the same bacterial species were found in samples from healthy and SAM mothers, although at different proportions, indicating a dysbiotic ecological shift. Finally, mammary epithelial cell exposure to SAM milk pellets showed an over-production of IL8. Our work therefore supports that SAM has a bacterial origin, with increased bacterial loads, reduced diversity and altered composition, which partly recovered after treatment, suggesting a polymicrobial and variable etiology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk microbiota in sub-acute lactational mastitis induces inflammation and undergoes changes in composition, diversity and load

Boix-Amorós

Hernández-Aguilar

Artacho

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Uncontrolled mastitis can be extremely harmful to lactating women (3, 4). Moreover, mastitis has a potential negative effect on breastfeeding and is a main cause of considerable physical and psychological pain during lactation (5, 6). In general, antibiotic treatment is the most commonly used strategy for treating acute mastitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Licochalcone A Protects the Blood–Milk Barrier Integrity and Relieves the Inflammatory Response in LPS-Induced Mastitis

et al. 2019

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Background/Aims: Mastitis is an acute clinical inflammatory response. The occurrence and development of mastitis seriously disturb women's physical and mental health. Licochalcone A, a phenolic compound in Glycyrrhiza uralensis , has anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we examined the effect of licochalcone A on blood-milk barrier and inflammatory response in LPS-induced mice mastitis. Methods: In vivo , we firstly established mice models of mastitis by canal injection of LPS to mammary gland, and then detected the effect of licochalcone A on pathological indexes, inflammatory responses and blood-milk barrier in this model. In vivo , Mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs) were treated with licochalcone A prior to the incubation of LPS, and then the inflammatory responses, tight junction which is the basic structure of blood-milk barrier were analyzed. Last, we elucidated the anti-inflammatory mechanism by examining the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK) and AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro . Result: The in vivo results showed that licochalcone A significantly decreased the histopathological impairment and the inflammatory responses, and improved integrity of blood-milk barrier. The in vitro results demonstrated that licochalcone A inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses and increase the protein levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin3 in mMECs. The in vivo and in vitro mechanistic study found that the anti-inflammatory effect of licochalcone A in LPS-induced mice mastitis was mediated by MAPK and AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways. Conclusions and Implications: Our experiments collectively indicate that licochalcone A protected against LPS-induced mice mastitis via improving the blood–milk barrier integrity and inhibits the inflammatory response by MAPK and AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways.

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“…24 Yenidoğan Besleme Uygulamaları Araştırması'nda (2008) kadınların %58,8'i postpartum ilk haftada 10 puanlık ölçekte 5 ve üzerinde puanla emzirmeye bağlı ağrı yaşadığını, bu kadınların %85,9'u ise 2.haftada da bu ağrının devam ettiğini belirtmiştir. 25 Çeşitli çalışmalara göre meme başı ağrısı insidansı Kanadalı kadınlarda %95, Avustralyalı kadınlarda %77-79, Fransa'da %62, ABD'de ise %90-96 olarak bildirilmiştir. 26 Meme başı ağrısı ve çatlağının oluşumu çeşitli nedenlerden kaynaklanmaktadır.…”

Section: Meme Başi Ve Meme Ağrisiunclassified

Physiology and Management of Postpartum Pain

Öztürk¹,

Özerdoğan²

2020

Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci

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Fiziksel, duygusal ve psikososyal unsurlarıyla çok boyutlu bir tecrübe olan doğumun, kadının hayatında kısa ve uzun dönemli etkileri olmaktadır. 1,2 Bu etkilerden biri de postpartum dönemde yaşanan ağrıdır. Doğum süreciyle birlikte ortaya çıkan ağrı sıklıkla postpartum dönemde de sürmekte, bu dö-nemde kadınlar farklı düzeylerde ağrı yaşadıklarını ifade etmektedirler. 3,4 Ağrı, fiziksel ve psikolojik yönden hayatın her alanını etkileyen ve olumsuz sonuçlara yol açabilen bir deneyimdir. 5 Kadınların %92'si doğum sonu dönemde ağrı yaşadığını, %78'i ise yaşadıkları ağrı şiddetinin ciddi düzeyde olduğunu be

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Breast Pain

Cited by 44 publications

References 44 publications

Human milk microbiota in sub-acute lactational mastitis induces inflammation and undergoes changes in composition, diversity and load

Human milk microbiota in sub-acute lactational mastitis induces inflammation and undergoes changes in composition, diversity and load

Licochalcone A Protects the Blood–Milk Barrier Integrity and Relieves the Inflammatory Response in LPS-Induced Mastitis

Physiology and Management of Postpartum Pain

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