Breast milk nutrients driving intestinal epithelial layer maturation via Wnt and Notch signaling: Implications for necrotizing enterocolitis

Jong, Judith C.W. de; Ijssennagger, Noortje; Mil, Saskia W.C. van

doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166229

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…NEC is characterized by an inflamed and necrotic intestine in later stages of the disease and is one of the most lethal diseases in preterm babies, its incidence being inversely related to gestational age and birth weight. Although the etiology of NEC is probably multifactorial and unknown, it appears that there is an inflammation in which the microbiome is involved, and it is known that breast milk protects against the development of NEC in premature babies [87]. NEC and LOS, defined as sepsis occurring ≥ 72 h postnatally, contribute substantially to neonatal morbidity and mortality at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and affects mainly premature infants, with serious sequelae [88].…”

Section: Perinatal Factors Affecting Bifidobacteria and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Bifidobacteria on Infant Health

et al. 2021

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Bifidobacteria are among the predominant microorganisms during infancy, being a dominant microbial group in the healthy breastfed infant and playing a crucial role in newborns and infant development. Not only the levels of the Bifidobacterium genus but also the profile and quantity of the different bifidobacterial species have been demonstrated to be of relevance to infant health. Although no definitive proof is available on the causal association, reduced levels of bifidobacteria are perhaps the most frequently observed alteration of the intestinal microbiota in infant diseases. Moreover, Bifidobacterium strains have been extensively studied by their probiotic attributes. This review compiles the available information about bifidobacterial composition and function since the beginning of life, describing different perinatal factors affecting them, and their implications on different health alterations in infancy. In addition, this review gathers exhaustive information about pre-clinical and clinical studies with Bifidobacterium strains as probiotics in neonates.

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Section: Perinatal Factors Affecting Bifidobacteria and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Bifidobacteria on Infant Health

et al. 2021

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“…Human milk includes a dynamic diversity of microbiota and other bioactive components as soluble IgA, lactoferrin, lysozymes, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), growth factors and cytokines that proved to protect against NEC by enhancing intestinal maturation and reducing inflammation (11)(12)(13). Recently HMOs have been linked to two signaling pathway responsible for proliferation, development and maturation of the preterm gut (14). Recent studies added pooled HMOs to rat models of NEC and found it to be effective in reducing symptoms and decreasing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression making it a possible option for treatment not only for prevention (15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Own Mother's Milk Protects against Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Sepsis and Poor Outcome of Preterm Infants.

Houchi

Ismail

Elmazzahy

2022

Pediatric Sciences Journal

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Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major cause of mortality among premature babies. It has no definitive pathogenesis and no specific treatment. Its prevention remains the most important intervention till now. Aim of the work:To detect the impact of using mother's own milk to feed preterm babies (< 37 weeks) on necrotizing enterocolitis, occurrence of signs of feeding intolerance, sepsis and mortality. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 250 preterm babies (< 37 weeks) whose gestational ages ranged from 27-36 weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University soon after birth. Mothers with no contraindication to breast feeding were included in the "case" group and the others were included in "control" group. Results: The mean± SD gestational age of the case group (120 preterm) was 33.12 ± 1.63 weeks and of the control group (130 preterm) was 32.17 ± 1.95 weeks. The mean birth weights of the case and control groups were 1.86 ± 0.49 and 1.55 ± 0.32 kgs, respectively (p= 0.000). The case group showed significant decrease in the incidence of NEC (5% in the case group versus 13% in the control group (p= 0.027). Sepsis incidence also decreased among patients in the case group (37.5% in the case group versus 60% in the control group (p= 0.00). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding time at which trophic feeding was started but the study group showed significantly shorter duration to reach both minimal enteral nutrition (20cc /kg) (6.85 ± 3.16 days versus 11.20 ± 7.05 days in the control group) (p= 0.000) and full feeds (10.60 ± 3.94 days versus 15.47 ± 8.85 in the control group) (p= 0.000). The mean duration of total parenteral nutrition was significantly shorter in the case group (p= 0.020). The difference between the need for antibiotics in both groups was insignificant (p= 0.353). However, the duration of antibiotic therapy was significantly shorter in the case group (p= 0.000). Conclusion: Preterm mother's own milk feeding (not necessarily exclusively) proved to be protective against NEC, sepsis and poor outcome.

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“…Most of the pathways that hormones activated in milk production were significantly enriched, including MAPK signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, Toll signaling pathway, and AMPK signaling pathway. Wnt signaling participated in intestinal epithelial layer maturation under the stimulation of breast milk nutrients in human ( Jong et al., 2021 ). In pigeon, Gillespie et al.…”

Section: Disscusionmentioning

confidence: 99%