Breast Milk Iodine Concentration Is a More Accurate Biomarker of Iodine Status Than Urinary Iodine Concentration in Exclusively Breastfeeding Women

Dold, Susanne; Zimmermann, Michael; Aboussad, A.; Cherkaoui, Mohamed; Jia, Qi; Jukić, Tomislav; Kusić, Zvonko; Quirino, Antonio; Sang, Zhongna; Luis, Teofilo Ol San; Vandea, Elena; Andersson, Maria

doi:10.3945/jn.116.242560

Cited by 60 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…UIC was measured in spot urine samples, which is known to have large intra-individual variability [41]. It is also important to acknowledge that BMIC is a more accurate biomarker of iodine status than UIC in lactating women [42]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge about Iodine in Pregnant and Lactating Women in the Oslo Area, Norway

et al. 2017

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Background: Lack of knowledge about iodine may be a risk factor for iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge about iodine and predictors of iodine knowledge scores among pregnant and lactating women. The study also examined whether iodine knowledge scores were associated with iodine status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 804 pregnant women and 175 lactating women from 18 to 44 years of age in 2016 in the Oslo area, Norway. Knowledge about iodine was collected through a self-administered, paper-based questionnaire. Iodine concentrations in urine and breast milk were measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS). Results: 74% of the pregnant women and 55% of the lactating women achieved none to low iodine knowledge scores. Higher educated pregnant women and those who had received information about iodine had significantly higher knowledge scores. In lactating women, increased age was associated with higher knowledge scores. Knowledge scores were not associated with participants’ iodine status. Conclusion: This study revealed a lack of knowledge about the importance of iodine in pregnant and lactating women, as well as about the most important dietary sources. Public education initiatives are required to increase the awareness about iodine in these population groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge about Iodine in Pregnant and Lactating Women in the Oslo Area, Norway

et al. 2017

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“…Iodine is a critical micronutrient during the first 1000 days of life . Iodine in breast milk is highly variable depending upon maternal iodine intake . In iodine‐sufficient populations, if iodine intake is borderline, iodine is preferentially partitioned into breast milk to safeguard infant requirements .…”

Section: Potential Sources Of Excessive Iodine Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4,15,[44][45][46] Iodine in breast milk is highly variable depending upon maternal iodine intake. 47,48 In iodine-sufficient populations, if iodine intake is borderline, iodine is preferentially partitioned into breast milk to safeguard infant requirements. 47 High breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) is reported in areas with excess iodine intakes.…”

Section: Breast Milk and Infant Formulaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…47,48 In iodine-sufficient populations, if iodine intake is borderline, iodine is preferentially partitioned into breast milk to safeguard infant requirements. 47 High breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) is reported in areas with excess iodine intakes. 26,42,48,49 Whether there is an active downregulation of iodine secretion into breast milk at elevated maternal iodine intakes remains unclear.…”

Section: Breast Milk and Infant Formulaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Excess iodine intake: sources, assessment, and effects on thyroid function

Farebrother

Zimmermann

Andersson

2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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191

131

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Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. High iodine intakes are well tolerated by most healthy individuals, but in some people, excess iodine intakes may precipitate hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, and/or thyroid autoimmunity. Individuals with preexisting thyroid disease or those previously exposed to iodine deficiency may be more susceptible to thyroid disorders due to an increase in iodine intake, in some cases at intakes only slightly above physiological needs. Thyroid dysfunction due to excess iodine intake is usually mild and transient, but iodine‐induced hyperthyroidism can be life‐threatening in some individuals. At the population level, excess iodine intakes may arise from consumption of overiodized salt, drinking water, animal milk rich in iodine, certain seaweeds, iodine‐containing dietary supplements, and from a combination of these sources. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of a population reflects the total iodine intake from all sources and can accurately identify populations with excessive iodine intakes. Our review describes the association between excess iodine intake and thyroid function. We outline potential sources of excess iodine intake and the physiological responses and consequences of excess iodine intakes. We provide guidance on choice of biomarkers to assess iodine intake, with an emphasis on the UIC and thyroglobulin.

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“…The iodine content of breastmilk varies with maternal iodine intake and breastfed infants are therefore highly sensitive to variations in maternal dietary iodine intake [16,17]. There is no established cut-off value for BIC, however, some studies have suggested that BIC ≥100 µg/L may be considered as adequate [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reliability of Iodine Concentration in Diaper-Retrieved Infant Urine Using Urine Collection Pads, and in Their Mothers’ Breastmilk

et al. 2020

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Mild to moderate iodine deficiency is common among women of childbearing age. Data on iodine status in infants are sparse, partly due to the challenges in collecting urine. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is considered a good marker for recent dietary iodine intake and status in populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of iodine concentration measured in two spot-samples from the same day of diaper-retrieved infant urine and in their mothers’ breastmilk. We collected urine and breastmilk from a sample of 27 infants and 25 mothers participating in a cross-sectional study at two public healthcare clinics in Norway. The reliability of iodine concentration was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and the coefficient of variation (CV). The ICC for infants’ urine was 0.64 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36–0.82), while the ICC for breastmilk was 0.83 (95% CI 0.65–0.92) Similarly, the intraindividual CV for UIC was 0.25 and 0.14 for breastmilk iodine concentration (BIC). Compared to standard methods of collecting urine for measuring iodine concentration, the diaper-pad collection method does not substantially affect the reliability of the measurements.

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Breast Milk Iodine Concentration Is a More Accurate Biomarker of Iodine Status Than Urinary Iodine Concentration in Exclusively Breastfeeding Women

Cited by 60 publications

References 53 publications

Knowledge about Iodine in Pregnant and Lactating Women in the Oslo Area, Norway

Knowledge about Iodine in Pregnant and Lactating Women in the Oslo Area, Norway

Excess iodine intake: sources, assessment, and effects on thyroid function

The Reliability of Iodine Concentration in Diaper-Retrieved Infant Urine Using Urine Collection Pads, and in Their Mothers’ Breastmilk

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