Breast Milk Hormones and Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis

Savino, Francesco; Liguori, Stefania Alfonsina; Sorrenti, Miriam; Fissore, Maria Francesca; Oggero, R

doi:10.1155/2011/803985

Cited by 31 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…Similar results were also reported in the WHO meta-analysis [51]. These effects can be attributed to human milk components, in particular to hormones such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin and ghrelin [63]. Considering leptin, it plays a fundamental role in glucose metabolism regulation since early life.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Impact of nutrition since early life on cardiovascular prevention

et al. 2012

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The cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries and it is related to the atherosclerotic process. Cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, accelerate the atherosclerotic process which begins in childhood and progresses throughout the life span. The cardiovascular disease risk factor detection and management through prevention delays the atherosclerotic progression towards clinical cardiovascular disease. Dietary habits, from prenatal nutrition, breastfeeding, complementary feeding to childhood and adolescence nutrition play a basic role for this topic.The metabolic and neuroendocrine environment of the fetus is fundamental in the body’s “metabolic programming”. Further several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of breastfeeding on cardiovascular risk factors reduction. Moreover the introduction of complementary foods represents another important step, with particular regard to protein intake. An adequate distribution between macronutrients (lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) is required for correct growth development from infancy throughout adolescence and for prevention of several cardiovascular disease risk determinants in adulthood.The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of nutrition since early life on disease.La malattia cardiovascolare rappresenta la principale causa di morbilità e mortalità dei paesi occidentali ed è correlata a degenerazione vascolare aterosclerotica. I fattori di rischio cardiovascolari quali dislipidemia, ipertensione, insulino resistenza e obesità accelerano tale processo il cui esordio è noto sin dell’età pediatrica ed evolve nel corso della vita. L’individuazione e la cura dei fattori di rischio cardiovascolari mediante la prevenzione dei fattori causali ritardano la progressione dell’aterosclerosi e l’insorgenza dei sintomi cardiovascolari. La nutrizione svolge un ruolo preventivo fondamentale sin dall’epoca prenatale e nelle diverse età della crescita.La condizione metabolica e neuro-endocrino cui è sottoposto il feto è rilevante per la “programmazione metabolica”. E’ dimostrata inoltre l’importanza delle modalità di allattamento e divezzamento con particolare interesse per l’assunzione di proteine nel controllo dei fattori di rischio cardiovascolari. La corretta distribuzione di macronutrienti (lipidi, proteine e carboidrati) dall’infanzia all’adolescenza favorisce una crescita corretta e risulta utile a prevenire l’insorgenza dei determinanti di rischio di malattia cardiovascolare in età adulta.Nella presente review verrà esaminato l’impatto della nutrizione dalle più precoci fasi delle vita sul rischio cardiovascolare.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Impact of nutrition since early life on cardiovascular prevention

et al. 2012

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“…Similarly, the hormone content of breastmilk may facilitate energy regulation and reduce fat deposition in breastfed babies (Savino et al, 2011). Behavioural explanations focus on the ability of breastfed babies to recognise satiety (Dietz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking for cues – infant communication of hunger and satiation during milk feeding

et al. 2017

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Article:Shloim, N orcid.org/0000-0001-7548-5434, Vereijkan, CMJL, Blundell, P et al. It is known that duration of breastfeeding and responsive feeding are associated with decreased risk of obesity. It is however, not clear whether breastfed infants signal more to mothers to facilitate responsive feeding, compared to formula fed, nor what communication cues are important during the feeding interaction. The present study aimed to explore feeding cues in milk-fed infants and to examine if such cues vary by mode of feeding. Twenty-seven mothers and infants were filmed while breastfeeding or formula feeding. Infants' age ranged from 3-22 weeks. Feeding cues were identified using a validated list of communication cues (NCAST). The frequency of each cue during the beginning, middle, and end of the meal was recorded. There were 22 feeding cues identified during the feeds, with significantly more frequent disengagement cues expressed than engagement cues. Significantly more frequent feeding cues were observed at the beginning than at the end of the meal showing that cue frequency changes with satiation. Breastfeeding infants exhibited more engagement and disengagement cues than formula fed infants. Supporting mothers to identify engagement and disengagement cues during a milk feed may promote more responsive feeding-strategies that can be acquired by mothers using different modes of feeding. Introduction:

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“…Many other metabolic hormones found in milk ( e.g. leptin, adiponectin) have been suggested to play a role in the development of infant metabolism, and to be potential risk factors for early onset of obesity and type-2 diabetes (Savino et al, 2009, Savino et al, 2011). …”

Section: Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breast milk is protective against these risks (Van Odijk et al, 2003, Scholtens et al, 2009). Breast milk also may be protective against childhood obesity (Savino et al, 2009) and may play an important role in the development of glucose regulatory physiology probably via milk-borne hormones such as leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin (Savino et al, 2011). …”

Section: Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…secretory IgA) are transferred via milk, priming the neonatal immune system (Hanson and Winberg, 1972, Cruz et al, 1982, Hanson et al, 1985). Recent evidence demonstrates that milk also contains physiological concentrations of growth factors and metabolic hormones, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), leptin, and adiponectin (Savino et al, 2011). Milk appears to have important developmental effects on neonatal intestinal health and development; for example, giving breast milk to preterm infants reduces the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (Sisk et al, 2007, Henderson et al, 2009, Arslanoglu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal regulation of offspring development in mammals is an ancient adaptation tied to lactation

Power

Schulkin

2013

Applied & Translational Genomics

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The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) is a paradigm for understanding metabolic diseases of modern humans. Vulnerability to disease is linked to perturbations in development during critical time periods in fetal and neonatal life. These perturbations are caused by environmental signals, often generated or transduced by the mother. The regulation of mammalian development depends to a large extent on maternal biochemical signals to her offspring. We argue that this adaptation is ancient, and originated with the evolution of lactation. Lactation evolved earlier than live birth and before the extensive placental development of modern eutherian mammals. Milk contains a host of signaling molecules including nutrients, immunoglobulins, growth factors and metabolic hormones. As evidenced by marsupials, lactation originally served to supply the biochemical factors for growth and development for what is essentially a fetus to a weanling transitioning to independent existence. In placental mammals maternal signaling in earliest life is accomplished through the maternal–placental–fetal connection, with more of development shifted to in utero life. However, significant development occurs postpartum, supported by milk. Mothers of all taxa provide biochemical signals to their offspring, but for non-mammalian mothers the time window is short. Developing mammals receive maternal biochemical signals over an extended period. These signals serve to guide normal development, but also can vary in response to environmental conditions. The ancient adaptation of lactation resulted in a lineage (mammals) in which maternal regulation of offspring development evolved to a heightened degree, with the ability to modify development at multiple time points. Modern metabolic diseases may arise due to a mismatch between maternal regulation and eventual circumstances of the offspring, and due to a large proportion of mothers that exceed past evolutionary norms in body fat and pregnancy weight gain such that maternal signals may no longer be within the adaptive range.

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Breast Milk Hormones and Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis

Cited by 31 publications

References 133 publications

Impact of nutrition since early life on cardiovascular prevention

Impact of nutrition since early life on cardiovascular prevention

Looking for cues – infant communication of hunger and satiation during milk feeding

Maternal regulation of offspring development in mammals is an ancient adaptation tied to lactation

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