Breast Milk Feeding and Lipoprotein Profile in Adolescents Born Preterm: Follow Up of a Prospective, Randomized Study

Singhal, Atul; Cole, Tim; Fewtrell, Mary; Lucas, Alan

doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000143510.87799.3f

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…[22][23][24][25] In such trials, those fed human milk, with as little as 1 month (on average) intervention period, had lower blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, ''leptin resistance'' (possible tendency to later obesity) and insulin resistance. [22][23][24][25] These effects were seen at 13 to 16 years post-intervention on prospective follow-up. The effect sizes were large (see below), comparable to or greater than (a) Preterm infants randomly assigned for on average their first 4 weeks to a standard versus nutrient-enriched preterm formula (1980s; when standard formulas were often used).…”

Section: Breast Milk and Later Cardiovascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies provide experimental evidence that diets promoting faster neonatal growth increase later cardiovascular risk. [22][23][24][25] That is, the infants who were fed growth-promoting enriched diets had greater risk of developing key components of the metabolic syndrome at follow-up.…”

Section: Impact Of Rapid Postnatal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 A 10% lowering of later LDL cholesterol with breast-feeding would, in adults, reduce cardiovascular disease by around 25% and mortality from it by around 14%. 23 Thus, early nutrition emerges as one of the most important factors that can be manipulated in clinical and public health practice.…”

Section: Programming Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22][23][24][25] Here, it has been possible to take infants whose mothers had elected not to provide breast milk and randomly assign them to human milk from a milk bank (donated by lactating mothers unrelated to the subject) or formula. [22][23][24][25] In such trials, those fed human milk, with as little as 1 month (on average) intervention period, had lower blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, ''leptin resistance'' (possible tendency to later obesity) and insulin resistance. [22][23][24][25] These effects were seen at 13 to 16 years post-intervention on prospective follow-up.…”

Section: Breast Milk and Later Cardiovascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Programming Effects of Early Nutrition — Implications for the Preterm Infant

Lucas¹

2005

J Perinatol

Self Cite

190

121

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The current focus of nutritional science has shifted from meeting needs to determining the biological effects that nutrition has on immediate and lifetime health. Of particular interest is the concept of programming, the idea that ''a stimulus or insult during a critical or sensitive period of development can have long-term or lifetime effects on an organism.'' Evidence that early nutrition has such ''programming'' effects in animals is overwhelming. In humans, retrospective observations show a relationship between adult disease and size in early life, though it is difficult to prove nutritional cause from observational associations and therefore difficult to use such data to underpin health policy. However, the results of randomized intervention trials of early nutrition with long-term follow-up are emerging. These experimental studies show that nutrition in early life has a major impact on health into early adulthood, notably on cardiovascular disease risk, bone health and cognitive function. These new findings have major biological, social and medical implications and should increasingly underpin health practices.

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Section: Breast Milk and Later Cardiovascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Rapid Postnatal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Programming Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breast Milk and Later Cardiovascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Long-Term Programming Effects of Early Nutrition — Implications for the Preterm Infant

Lucas¹

2005

J Perinatol

Self Cite

190

121

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“…These data suggest long-term positive effects of human milk on the risk of atherosclerosis. 80 The benefits of formula supplementation with longchain fatty acids could not be confirmed, and there is insufficient evidence for recommending this practice. 81,82 Anti-infectious action…”

Section: Lipid Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Dilemas nutricionais no pré-termo extremo e repercussões na infância, adolescência e vida adulta

Camelo¹,

Martinez²

2005

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Suggested citation: Camelo Jr. JS, Martinez FE. Nutritional dilemmas in extremely low birth weight infants and their effects on childhood, adolescence and adulthood. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(1 Suppl):S33-S42. AbstractObjective: To review the recent medical literature on nutrition of extremely low birth weight infants, focusing on nutritional dilemmas and their effects on childhood, adolescence and adulthood.Sources of data: An extensive review of the related literature was performed using MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Best Evidence database. Summary of the findings:There is a growing body of evidence that early nutritional practices may affect shortterm growth and development outcome. In addition, these practices may play a role in determining adult health and disease. There is still much to be learned about safe and efficacious nutrient administration in preterm infants; about techniques to assess the effect of different nutritional strategies; and about the long-term effects of these regimens on development outcome, growth and disease.Conclusion: Despite recent progress in neonatal nutrition, there is a lack of basic and clinical research to better define the nutritional requirements of preterm infants and the best way to meet these requirements, avoiding longterm undesirable consequences.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(1 Suppl):S33-S42: Nutrition, human milk, prematurity, parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, nutritional programming.

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Timing and Tempo of First-Year Rapid Growth in Relation to Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Profile in Early Adulthood

Leunissen

Kerkhof

Stijnen³

et al. 2009

JAMA

438

365

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ContextGrowth during infancy appears to be an important determinant of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes later in life.Objectives To specify which period in the first year of life is related to determinants of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in early adulthood and to investigate the association between tempo of first-year weight gain (Ͼ0.67 SDs) and these determinants.Design, Setting, and Participants Observational study using longitudinal data collected in the Programming Factors for Growth and Metabolism (PROGRAM) study of 217 healthy participants, aged 18 to 24 years, including a relatively large sample of participants born small for gestational age and participants with short stature, performed at a medical center in the Netherlands between August 2004 and September 2007. The association of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes with tempo of weight gain was assessed in a subgroup of 87 participants. Main Outcome MeasuresAssociations between periods of first-year growth and tempo of weight gain and determinants of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in early adulthood. ResultsWeight gain in the first 3 months of life was inversely associated with insulin sensitivity (␤, −0.223; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.386 to −0.060) and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (␤, −0.053; 95% CI, −0.090 to −0.016) and positively associated with waist circumference (␤, 1.437; 95% CI, 0.066 to 2.808), acute insulin response (␤, 0.210; 95% CI, 0.024 to 0.395), ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (␤, 0.052; 95% CI, 0.010 to 0.094), and level of triglycerides (␤, 0.066; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.129) in early adulthood. Rapid weight gain during the first 3 months of life resulted in a higher percentage of body fat, more central adiposity, and reduced insulin sensitivity in early adulthood than when slower weight gain occurred during the entire first year. ConclusionRapid weight gain in the first 3 months of life is associated with several determinants of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in early adulthood.

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Breast Milk Feeding and Lipoprotein Profile in Adolescents Born Preterm: Follow Up of a Prospective, Randomized Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Long-Term Programming Effects of Early Nutrition — Implications for the Preterm Infant

Long-Term Programming Effects of Early Nutrition — Implications for the Preterm Infant

Dilemas nutricionais no pré-termo extremo e repercussões na infância, adolescência e vida adulta

Timing and Tempo of First-Year Rapid Growth in Relation to Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Profile in Early Adulthood

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