Breast metastases of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma: a report of two cases and review of the literature

Iesato, Asumi; Oba, Takaaki; Ono, Mayu; Hanamura, Toru; Watanabe, Takayuki; Ito, Tokiko; Kanai, Toshiharu; Maeno, Kazuma; Ishizaka, Katsuhiko; Kitabatake, Hiroyuki; Takeuchi, Daisuke; Suzuki, Akira; Nakayama, Jun; Ito, Kenichi

doi:10.2147/ott.s67921

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…According to current literature, the common metastasis site of stomach cancer (in ascending order) is the liver, peritoneum, lung and bone [ 34 , 35 ] while it is considerably rare to spread to the pancreas and skeletal muscle [ 36 , 37 ]. When compared to generic adenocarcinoma which often spreads to the liver and lung [ 38 ], signet-ring adenocarcinoma frequently metastasizes within the peritoneum, bone, ovaries and sometimes to the breast [ 34 , 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite-size effects in transcript sequencing count distribution: its power-law correction necessarily precedes downstream normalization and comparative analysis

Wong

Tantoso

et al. 2018

Biol Direct

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BackgroundThough earlier works on modelling transcript abundance from vertebrates to lower eukaroytes have specifically singled out the Zip’s law, the observed distributions often deviate from a single power-law slope. In hindsight, while power-laws of critical phenomena are derived asymptotically under the conditions of infinite observations, real world observations are finite where the finite-size effects will set in to force a power-law distribution into an exponential decay and consequently, manifests as a curvature (i.e., varying exponent values) in a log-log plot. If transcript abundance is truly power-law distributed, the varying exponent signifies changing mathematical moments (e.g., mean, variance) and creates heteroskedasticity which compromises statistical rigor in analysis. The impact of this deviation from the asymptotic power-law on sequencing count data has never truly been examined and quantified.ResultsThe anecdotal description of transcript abundance being almost Zipf’s law-like distributed can be conceptualized as the imperfect mathematical rendition of the Pareto power-law distribution when subjected to the finite-size effects in the real world; This is regardless of the advancement in sequencing technology since sampling is finite in practice. Our conceptualization agrees well with our empirical analysis of two modern day NGS (Next-generation sequencing) datasets: an in-house generated dilution miRNA study of two gastric cancer cell lines (NUGC3 and AGS) and a publicly available spike-in miRNA data; Firstly, the finite-size effects causes the deviations of sequencing count data from Zipf’s law and issues of reproducibility in sequencing experiments. Secondly, it manifests as heteroskedasticity among experimental replicates to bring about statistical woes. Surprisingly, a straightforward power-law correction that restores the distribution distortion to a single exponent value can dramatically reduce data heteroskedasticity to invoke an instant increase in signal-to-noise ratio by 50% and the statistical/detection sensitivity by as high as 30% regardless of the downstream mapping and normalization methods. Most importantly, the power-law correction improves concordance in significant calls among different normalization methods of a data series averagely by 22%. When presented with a higher sequence depth (4 times difference), the improvement in concordance is asymmetrical (32% for the higher sequencing depth instance versus 13% for the lower instance) and demonstrates that the simple power-law correction can increase significant detection with higher sequencing depths. Finally, the correction dramatically enhances the statistical conclusions and eludes the metastasis potential of the NUGC3 cell line against AGS of our dilution analysis.ConclusionsThe finite-size effects due to undersampling generally plagues transcript count data with reproducibility issues but can be minimized through a simple power-law correction of the count distribution. This distribution correction has direct implication o...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite-size effects in transcript sequencing count distribution: its power-law correction necessarily precedes downstream normalization and comparative analysis

Wong

Tantoso

et al. 2018

Biol Direct

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“…Nonetheless, studies of necropsies observed this uncommon event in patients with a breast cancer history ranging from 4% to 35%. Furthermore, 94% of these patients had other organs affected concomitantly 1 , 6 , 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CK7 monoclonal antibody is present in tumors with glandular pattern, being observed at a maximum rate of 90% of breast cancers. It suggests breast cancer metastasis considering that only 50-64% of adenocarcinomas of the stomach present this molecule 8 , 10 , 11 . On the other hand, CK20 antibody presence favors the diagnoses of primary cancers from stomach, large bowel and pancreas 7 , 10 , 13 , 15 , 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, metastases of breast cancer usually are directed to bones, lung, liver and brain. However, metastases to the stomach are very unusual and there are a few studies on this subject 2 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 17 , 20 . When these metastases occur, diagnostic confirmation based on immunohistochemistry is needed 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 14 , 16 , 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breast Cancer Metastasis in the Stomach: When the Gastrectomy Is Indicated ?

Rodrigues

Tercioti-Júnior

Lopes

et al. 2016

ABCD, arq. bras. cir. dig.

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Background:Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in the female population. However, stomach is a rare site for metastasis, and can show up many years after initial diagnosis and treatment of the primary tumor. Aim:Analyze a case series of this tumor and propose measures that can diagnose it with more precocity. Methods:Were analyzed 12 patients with secondary gastric tumors. Immunohistochemistry has demonstrated that primary tumor was breast cancer. We retrieved information of age, histological type, interval between diagnosis of the primary breast cancer and its metastases, immunohistochemistry results, treatment and survival. Results:The mean age was 71.3 years (ranging 40-86). Ten cases had already been underwent mastectomy in the moment of the diagnosis of gastric metastasis. Two patients had diagnosis of both primary and secondary tumors concomitantly. At average, diagnosis of gastric metastasis was seven years after diagnosis of primary breast cancer (ranging 0-13). Besides, nine cases had also metastases in other organs, being bones the most affected ones. Immunohistochemistry of the metastases has shown positivity for CK7 antibody in 83.34%, estrogen receptor in 91.67%, progesterone receptor in 66.67% and AE1AE3 antibody in 75%, considering all 12 cases. Moreover, CK20 was absent significantly (66.67%). The positivity of BRST2 marker did not present statistical significance (41.67%). Eight cases were treated with chemotherapy associated or not with hormonal blockade. Surgical treatment of gastric metastasis was performed in four cases: three of them with total gastrectomy and one with distal gastrectomy. Follow-up has shown a mean survival of 14.58 months after diagnosis of metastasis, with only two patients still alive. Conclusion:Patients with a history of breast cancer presenting endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer it is necessary to consider the possibility of gastric metastasis of breast cancer. The confirmation is by immunohistochemistry and gastrectomy should be oriented in the absence of other secondary involvement and control of the primary lesion.

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“…Premenopausal women are most commonly affected by the disease, and a previously reported average age at presentation is 47 years [40]. Examination of cases of metastatic gastric carcinoma to the breast reveals an increased percentage of patients affected by colorectal cancer, whereas the most common histological type is the signet-ring cell carcinoma, followed by mucinous carcinoma [41, 42]. Interestingly, signet-ring cell carcinoma is a unique subtype of mucin-producing adenocarcinomas, which can arise from the stomach, colon, and breast; thus, breast specimens obtained from gastric cancer patients should be carefully analyzed during pathology to differentiate between metastasis and a potential primary breast cancer [41, 43].…”

Section: Clinical Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Series of Breast Metastases from Different Extramammary Malignancies and Their Literature Review

Moreno-Astudillo

Villaseñor‐Navarro

Sánchez-Goytia

et al. 2019

Case Reports in Radiology

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Metastasis to the breast from all other primary sites is unusual. Twelve patients were diagnosed between 2007 and 2017 at National Cancer Institute, Mexico. Solitary or multiple masses, round or oval, and hypoechoic and solid lesions with posterior acoustic shadowing were patterns commonly reported in these patients; other arrangements include diffuse involvement of the breast simulating an inflammatory carcinoma. The development of a breast metastasis is revealed, in our experience, as a negative prognostic factor. Thus, the radiologist should know about the varied appearance of metastatic breast lesions and provide radiopathological correlations when available.

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Breast metastases of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma: a report of two cases and review of the literature

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Finite-size effects in transcript sequencing count distribution: its power-law correction necessarily precedes downstream normalization and comparative analysis

Finite-size effects in transcript sequencing count distribution: its power-law correction necessarily precedes downstream normalization and comparative analysis

Breast Cancer Metastasis in the Stomach: When the Gastrectomy Is Indicated ?

A Case Series of Breast Metastases from Different Extramammary Malignancies and Their Literature Review

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