Breast Lipofilling Does Not Pose Evidence of Chronic Inflammation in Rats

Abstract

Background Laboratory reports on adipose tissue suggest that fat grafting to the breast may pose an oncologic risk. One possible reason for this is the theoretic chronic inflammation due to adipokynes released by grafted white adipose tissue (WAT). Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze inflammatory activity in lipofilled breast through the use of proinflammatory markers. Methods Fifty-four paired-breasts of female rats were divided into 4 groups: control, sham, and breasts grafted with either autologous subcutaneous (SC) WAT or autologous omentum (OM). The WAT was prepared through centrifugation, and the grafting was performed with the use of 0.9-mm blunt-tip cannula. The rats were killed 8 weeks postoperatively, and their breasts were harvested for immunohistochemical staining for CD68-expressing macrophages, gene expression (real-time PCR) for monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), F4/80, Cox-2, and IL-6. Results The weights of the rats that underwent a procedure differed from those of the unmanipulated control group (P < 0.01). The macrophage counts of CD68 differed only between breasts lipofilled with OM and control (P < 0.01). MCP-1, F4/80, and Cox-2 were similarly expressed among the groups (P = 0.422, P = 0.143, and P = 0.209, respectively). The expression of IL-6 differed between breast samples grafted with SC and OM WAT (P = 0.015), but not between samples of control and OM (P = 0.752), and control and SC (P = 0.056). Conclusions No inflammation activity was identified in the microenvironment of lipofilled breasts, indicating that chronic inflammation does not seem to be triggered by the breast lipofilling procedure.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Improves the Survival and Angiogenesis of Fat Grafts after Autologous Fat Transplantation

“…AFT currently still induces some complications, including calcification, oil cysts, and fat necrosis. And adipokines released from transplanted white adipose tissue may contribute to the development of chronic inflammation [12]. Procurement, cell processing, transplantation, and recipient site management are referred to as the primary procedures of AFT [13].…”

TGF-β1 and CD68 immunoexpression in capsules formed by textured implants with and without mesh coverage: a study on female rats

“…The date of the animals’ euthanasia was chosen based on its correspondence to the human age. In rats, 90 days correspond to approximately 10 years of age for humans 14 .…”

Fat Grafts Show Higher Hypoxia, Angiogenesis, Adipocyte Proliferation, and Macrophage Infiltration than Flaps in a Pilot Mouse Study

“…39–41 However, lipofilling models in mice are scarce, and breast cancer models still suffer from several limitations. These include the xenografting of human tumor cells into immunodeficient animals, 42–45 or the transfer of mechanically and enzymatically processed adipose tissue, as opposed to actually aspirated and grafted fat, despite differences in the composition of excised and liposuctioned adipose tissue. 46–48…”

“…[39][40][41] However, lipofilling models in mice are scarce, and breast cancer models still suffer from several limitations. These include the xenografting of human tumor cells into immunodeficient animals, [42][43][44][45] or the transfer of mechanically and enzymatically processed adipose tissue, as opposed to actually aspirated and grafted fat, despite differences in the composition of excised and liposuctioned adipose tissue. [46][47][48] With these caveats in mind, we set out to refine existing experimental approaches to establish a novel comparative model of fat grafting versus flap transfer, which could be further expanded to oncologic investigations.…”