Breast Lesions in Children and Adolescents: Diagnosis and Management

Abstract

Pediatric breast disease is uncommon, and primary breast carcinoma in children is extremely rare. Therefore, the approach used to address breast lesions in pediatric patients differs from that in adults in many ways. Knowledge of the normal imaging features at various stages of development and the characteristics of breast disease in the pediatric population can help the radiologist to make confident diagnoses and manage patients appropriately. Most breast diseases in children are benign or associated with breast development, suggesting a need for conservative treatment. Interventional procedures might affect the developing breast and are only indicated in a limited number of cases. Histologic examination should be performed in pediatric patients, taking into account the size of the lesion and clinical history together with the imaging findings. A core needle biopsy is useful for accurate diagnosis and avoidance of irreparable damage in pediatric patients. Biopsy should be considered in the event of abnormal imaging findings, such as non-circumscribed margins, complex solid and cystic components, posterior acoustic shadowing, size above 3 cm, or an increase in mass size. A clinical history that includes a risk factor for malignancy, such as prior chest irradiation, known concurrent cancer not involving the breast, or family history of breast cancer, should prompt consideration of biopsy even if the lesion has a probably benign appearance on ultrasonography.

Clinicopathological profile of breast lesions and their management in paediatric patients seen in a tertiary health facility in Southern Nigeria

“…This is in line with the recommendations by other researchers. [22][23][24] This approach has also been shown to be more cost effective. [25] However, a longer period of follow up may be more appropriate for patients who have had their fibroadenoma removed.…”

Focal Pathology of Mammary Glands in Teenage Girls

“…Ювенильный папилломатоз («болезнь швейцарского сыра») чаще выявляют у девушек [8,12], средний возраст возникновения патологии -19 лет [9]. Семейный анамнез карциномы молочной железы отмечен в 28% наблюдений [10], у 5% пациентов в последующем отмечается злокачественная трансформация [10].…”

“…Семейный анамнез карциномы молочной железы отмечен в 28% наблюдений [10], у 5% пациентов в последующем отмечается злокачественная трансформация [10]. Клинически внутрипротоковая папиллома проявляется как бугристое локализованное подвижное образование, по консистенции напоминающее фиброаденому [9,13]. При этом основная жалоба -выделения из соска, как правило, кровянистого характера.…”

“…Среди доброкачественных узловых заболеваний в подростковом возрасте наиболее частыми являются фиброаденомы, кисты молочных желез, очаговые гиперплазии, внутрипротоковые папилломы. Из злокачественных поражений для этого возраста более всего характерно возникновение редкой морфологической формы -ювенильного или секреторного рака молочной железы [2,[9][10][11].…”

Malignant Phyllodes Tumor in an Adolescent Female: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…Primary breast neoplasms are extremely rare in adolescent females and most are benign in nature. The incidence of primary breast tumors in females under the age of 20 is approximately 1 in one million [1]. Phyllodes tumors of the breast, previously known as cystosarcoma phyllodes, are rare fibroepithelial tumors that constitute approximately 0.3-0.5% of all breast neoplasms [2,3].…”