Breast Imaging in the Transgender Patient

Phillips, Jordana; Fein‐Zachary, Valerie; Mehta, Tejas S.; Littlehale, Nancy; Venkataraman, Shambhavi; Slanetz, Priscilla J.

doi:10.2214/ajr.13.10810

Cited by 63 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…With regard to mammography for transsexual persons, screening mammography is not currently recommended for transsexual women who are not taking hormones, except in individuals with other known risk factors (e.g., Klinefelter syndrome). 78 …”

Section: Site-specific Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) populations

Quinn

Sánchez

Sutton

et al. 2015

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

357

294

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This article provides an overview of the current literature on seven cancer sites that may disproportionately affect lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) populations. For each cancer site we present and discuss the descriptive statistics, primary prevention, secondary prevention and preclinical disease, tertiary prevention and late stage disease, and clinical implications. Finally, an overview of psychosocial factors related to cancer survivorship is offered as well as strategies for improving access to care.

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Section: Site-specific Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) populations

Quinn

Sánchez

Sutton

et al. 2015

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

357

294

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“…The slogan "if you have it, check it" was initially introduced for cervical cancer screening in transgender patients (37) but can easily be applied to other screening scenarios in medical imaging, including mammography. This is particularly relevant for transgender women (those transitioning from male to female) with exposure to hormonal therapy, who should undergo breast cancer screening beginning at age 50, as well for transgender men (those transitioning from female to male) without a prior history of gender-affirming breast surgery (sometimes referred to as top surgery), who generally should begin mammographic screening at age 40 (38).…”

Section: Patient Group 3: Social Cultural and Ethnic Differences Lgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Imaging Care for Diverse, Marginalized, and Vulnerable Patient Populations

et al. 2018

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Although much attention has been paid to the reduction of disparities in health care within the United States, these issues continue to exist. Such efforts include increased focus on patient centeredness and cultural responsivity. These concepts are based on the recognition that diverse, marginalized, and vulnerable patients may possess different physical, psychologic, or social characteristics that contribute to their diversity and susceptibility. Such patients may face numerous obstacles and barriers when seeking medical care, including financial constraints, difficulties with communication, a limited understanding of how to navigate the health care system, and not feeling welcomed, respected, or safe. It is essential that the radiologist and members of the radiology care team understand and embrace patients' unique characteristics to provide effective and appropriate care to all patients. This article illustrates the spectrum of knowledge that benefits radiologists and members of the radiology care team when interacting with and providing care for the growing pool of diverse, marginalized, and vulnerable patients. © RSNA, 2018 • Abbreviations: LEP = limited English proficiency, LGBTQ = lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer, PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder

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“…This is not surprising, as trans men without chest reconstruction and without CSH exposure likely have the same risk for breast cancer as most cisgender women. 10 There was also agreement that CSH exposure should be considered when determining breast screening eligibility for trans women.…”

Section: Openmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The topics of breast screening and the effect of CSHs on breast cancer outcomes among trans people have not been rigorously and thoroughly researched. Previous reviews on similar topics 6,10,[33][34][35][36] have largely summarized published case reports and series on breast cancer in trans people, as well as the studies included in our 2 reviews of primary research.…”

Section: Openmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the nontrans population, information on the potential benefits and harms of screening in the trans population is limited. 10 Organized breast screening programs aim to reduce breast cancer mortality through regular screening. At this time, breast screening programs may not have official screening policies for trans people, which may result in inconsistent inclusion of trans people within organized programs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Breast cancer risk and breast screening for trans people: an integration of 3 systematic reviews

Meggetto

Peirson

Yakubu

et al. 2019

cmajo

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rans" is an umbrella term for people with diverse gender identities and expressions that differ from stereotypical gender norms. 1,2 Recent estimates suggest that there were approximately 200 000 trans people in Canada in 2016. 3 Many trans people seek gender-affirming medical procedures or cross-sex hormone (CSH) therapy, or both, to align their physical appearance with their sense of self. 4 Cross-sex hormone therapy refers to the use of exogenous sex hormones that are opposite to those of a person's natal sex. 5 Breast cancer risk in trans people is hypothesized to be influenced by CSHs. 6 However, it is unclear whether the potential alteration in risk for breast cancer by CSH therapy should affect eligibility for breast screening. Trans people are medically underserved and face unique challenges in accessing appropriate care. 3,7 With respect to breast health, 25%-30% of trans people in Ontario with a perceived need for mammography were unable to access it. 8 In addition, trans people are less likely to pursue breast screening than are cisgender women (i.e., people assigned female sex at birth and who identify as female). 9 Although this shows a disparity in the approach to breast cancer detection when compared to

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Breast Imaging in the Transgender Patient

Abstract: Health disparities in the transgender population continue. Educating physicians on the breast health care needs of transgender patients is important for improving their care.

Cited by 63 publications

References 23 publications

Cancer and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) populations

Cancer and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) populations

Improving Imaging Care for Diverse, Marginalized, and Vulnerable Patient Populations

Breast cancer risk and breast screening for trans people: an integration of 3 systematic reviews

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