Breast-feeding protects against respiratory syncytial virus infections.

Downham, M. A. P. S.; Scott, Ron; Sims, D G; Webb, Jessica; Gardner, P. S.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6030.274

Cited by 205 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Protection may involve enhanced anti-infective or anti-in¯ammatory activity, or both, in breast-fed infants [2,3]. A possible mechanism as to how milk sIgA protects infants against respiratory viruses has been proposed by Downham et al [27]. They suggest that infants inhale milk during feeding (based on radiological studies) and regurgitate the milk through the nose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of antimicrobial factors in human milk on rhinoviruses and milk-borne cytomegalovirus in vitro

Clarke

May

2000

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Various antimicrobial factors present in human milk were tested for in-vitro antiviral activity against three rhinoviruses (two clinical isolates and rhinovirus 2) and an isolate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) from human milk. These factors included the gangliosides GM1, 2 and 3, sialyl-lactose, chondroitin sulphates A, B and C, prostaglandins E2 and F2á, monolaurin, vitamin A and the protein lactoferrin. All were tested for their ability to inhibit growth of the viruses in cell culture. Human milk was also tested for antiviral activity against these viruses. Only vitamin A, monolaurin and lactoferrin inhibited the growth of CMV, whereas both prostaglandins enhanced the growth of this virus at least four-fold. CMV infects infants from milk but, nevertheless, the milk-borne CMV isolate showed no special resistance to any of the antiviral factors tested. None of the compounds inhibited or enhanced the growth of the rhinoviruses. However, human milk decreased the growth of some of the rhinoviruses and speci®c secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) neutralised the virus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human milk inhibits CMV growth by either destroying the virus envelope due to the presence of potent antiviral lipids [11,27], or by neutralising the virus with speci®c sIgA [29]. Nevertheless, CMV infects infants through milk [1,15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of antimicrobial factors in human milk on rhinoviruses and milk-borne cytomegalovirus in vitro

Clarke

May

2000

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…163 In another study, 8 (7%) of 115 children hospitalized with RSV were breastfed, and 46 (27%) of 167 controls were breastfed. 164 A meta-analysis of the relationship of breastfeeding and hospitalization for LRTD in early infancy 165 examined 33 studies, all of which showed a protective association between breastfeeding and the risk of hospitalization for LRTD. Nine studies met all inclusion criteria for analysis.…”

Section: Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis

2006

Pediatrics

880

293

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Bronchiolitis is a disorder most commonly caused in infants by viral lower respiratory tract infection. It is the most common lower respiratory infection in this age group. It is characterized by acute inflammation, edema, and necrosis of epithelial cells lining small airways, increased mucus production, and bronchospasm.The American Academy of Pediatrics convened a committee composed of primary care physicians and specialists in the fields of pulmonology, infectious disease, emergency medicine, epidemiology, and medical informatics. The committee partnered with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the RTI International-University of North Carolina Evidence-Based Practice Center to develop a comprehensive review of the evidence-based literature related to the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. The resulting evidence report and other sources of data were used to formulate clinical practice guideline recommendations.This guideline addresses the diagnosis of bronchiolitis as well as various therapeutic interventions including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antiviral and antibacterial agents, hydration, chest physiotherapy, and oxygen. Recommendations are made for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection with palivizumab and the control of nosocomial spread of infection. Decisions were made on the basis of a systematic grading of the quality of evidence and strength of recommendation. The clinical practice guideline underwent comprehensive peer review before it was approved by the American Academy of Pediatrics.This clinical practice guideline is not intended as a sole source of guidance in the management of children with bronchiolitis. Rather, it is intended to assist clinicians in decision-making. It is not intended to replace clinical judgment or establish a protocol for the care of all children with this condition. These recommendations may not provide the only appropriate approach to the management of children with bronchiolitis. INTRODUCTIONTHIS GUIDELINE EXAMINES the published evidence on diagnosis and acute management of the child with bronchiolitis in both outpatient and hospital settings, including the roles of supportive therapy, oxygen, bronchodilators, antiinflammatory agents, antibacterial agents, and antiviral agents and make recommendations to influence clinician behavior on the basis of the evidence. Methods of prevention All clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics automatically expire 5 years after publication unless reaffirmed, revised, or retired at or before that time.The recommendations in this guideline do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate. Key Word bronchiolitisAbbreviations CAM-complementary and alternative medicine LRTI-lower respiratory tract infection AHRQ-Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality RSV-respiratory syncytial virus AAP-American Academy of Pediatrics AAFP-American Academy...

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“…Although passively transferred antibody gives some protection against RSV infection (Parrott et al, 1973 ;Downham et al, 1976;Walsh et al, 1984;Taylor et al, 1984), high antibody levels are required for complete protection (Prince et al, 1985), and immunity is only gradually acquired in infants after repeated infections with the virus (Glezen et al, 1981). Also, reinfection by the same strain can occur in the face of neutralizing antibody (Coates et al, 1963;Beem, 1967;Henderson et al, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Murine Cytotoxic T Cells Specific to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Recognize Different Antigenic Subtypes of the Virus

Bangham¹,

Askonas²

1986

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to establish whether cytotoxic T cells (Tc), raised against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the mouse, are specific to the strain of immunizing virus, or cross-reactive between virus strains. Several recent studies using monoclonal antibodies have begun to define the antigenic variation among strains of RSV. It is likely that a successful RSV vaccine will need to contain antigenic determinants from more than one subtype, but since only the highest levels of neutralizing antibody are able to give complete protection against RSV infection, a vaccine may also need to elicit a cellular immune response. We have recently described H-2-restricted, RSVspecific Tc following RSV infection in the mouse; we present here evidence that polyclonal RSV-specific Tc in the mouse recognize syngeneic target cells infected with every human strain of RSV tested, whatever the subtype. The only RSV strain that appeared not to be recognized was bovine RSV, which seems unable to infect mouse cells; however, bovine cells, infected with bovine RSV and fixed with glutaraldehyde, primed mice for Tc which recognized human strains of RSV.

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Breast-feeding protects against respiratory syncytial virus infections.

Cited by 205 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of antimicrobial factors in human milk on rhinoviruses and milk-borne cytomegalovirus in vitro

Effect of antimicrobial factors in human milk on rhinoviruses and milk-borne cytomegalovirus in vitro

Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis

Murine Cytotoxic T Cells Specific to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Recognize Different Antigenic Subtypes of the Virus

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