Breast Feeding of Infants Between 0-6 Months Old in 20 Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions in the People's Republic of China

Yun, Yang; Kang, Zhan Shao; Ling, Ling Jia; Xin, Qui Cheng

doi:10.1093/tropej/35.6.277

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…However, no national data are available on the proportion of infants who are breast-fed for 12 months. Our findings are consistent with a series of studies suggesting that breast-feeding rates in China are higher in rural areas and decrease with greater urbanization [13][14][15]. For example, in Shanghai 32.3% of infants were reported to be breast-feeding for six months, compared with 73.7% in the suburbs [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For example, in Shanghai 32.3% of infants were reported to be breast-feeding for six months, compared with 73.7% in the suburbs [15]. According to one national study, 60.3% of infants in rural areas breast-feed for six months, compared with 34.4% in urban areas [13]. However, the surveyed areas of Hubei province had the greatest rate, with 94.7% of the children 12-47 months old being breast-fed for at least six months, and 61.7% for at least 12 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Feeding Practices and the Nutrition Status of Preschool Children in Rural Hubei Province, China

Chen¹,

Taren²

1995

Food Nutr Bull

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A nutrition surveillance survey was conducted in June 1990 in four poor rural counties of Hubei Province, China, that included 25 villages and 3,564 children, to determine early feeding practices and the nutrition status of preschool children. Data were collected through interviews, anthropometric measurements, analysis of haemoglobin values, and physical examinations. More than 90% of the infants under 6 months of age were being breast-fed, as were approximately 75% of those 12 months old and 26% of those 24 months old. A trend to introducing solid foods into children's diets at younger ages appeared to have occurred between 1984 and 1988; only 15% of the children ate solid food at 6 months of age and 58% at 12 months in 1984, compared with 23% and 78% respectively in 1988. The children's anthropometric measurements were comparable to international standards for the first months of life, and then weight-forage and height-forage Z scores deviated negatively. Physical examinations suggested that several micronutrient deficiencies might be present The data also indicated that during a time of sweeping economic changes and expanded health care availability, breast-feeding was maintained, food was introduced into the diets of children at younger ages, and acute malnutrition was not common. 2 Early feeding practices and the nutrition 1990 30 Low birthweight, 1980-88 (%) 9 Immunization coverage, 1989-90 (%) tuberculosis 99 DPT 97 polio 98 measles 98 Breast-feeding, 1980-91 (%) at 3 months 65 at 6 months 55 Underweight, 0-4 yrs, 1980-91 (%) moderate and severe 21 severe 3 Data from ref. 2. TABLE 2. Indicators of socioeconomic status, People's Republic of China Indicator Status Population, 1990 (1.000s) total 1.139, 100 under 16 years 324,300 under 6 years 112,300 Number of births (1,000s) 24,288 GNP per capita, 1989

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Feeding Practices and the Nutrition Status of Preschool Children in Rural Hubei Province, China

Chen¹,

Taren²

1995

Food Nutr Bull

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“…Collectively these studies show that the breastfeeding rates in China fell during the 1970s, reaching a nadir in the 1980s and then began to rise in the 1990s. However China is a huge country, geographically as well as in population and ethnic diversity, and breastfeeding rates in different parts of China can vary considerably [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding in China: a review

et al. 2009

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This review aims to describe changes in breastfeeding and summarise the breastfeeding rates, duration and reasons of discontinuing 'any breastfeeding' or 'exclusive breastfeeding' in P.R. China. Breastfeeding rates in China fell during the 1970s when the use of breast milk substitutes became widespread, and reached the lowest point in the 1980s. As a result many efforts were introduced to promote breastfeeding. The breastfeeding rate in China started to increase in the 1990s, and since the mid-1990s 'any breastfeeding' rates in the majority of cities and provinces, including minority areas, have been above 80% at four months. But most cities and provinces did not reach the national target of 'exclusive breastfeeding' of 80%. The 'exclusive breastfeeding' rates in minority areas were relatively lower than comparable inland provinces. The mean duration of 'any breastfeeding' in the majority of cities or provinces was between seven and nine months. The common reasons for ceasing breastfeeding, or introducing water or other infant food before four months, were perceived breast milk insufficiency, mother going to work, maternal and child illness and breast problems. Incorrect traditional perceptions have a strong adverse influence on 'exclusive breastfeeding' in less developed areas or rural areas. China is a huge country, geographically and in population size, and there is considerable ethnic diversity. Therefore breastfeeding rates in different parts of China can vary considerably.

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“…The rates in urban areas have generally remained lower than in rural areas [10]. However China is a very large country, geographically, as well as in population size and ethnic diversity, and breastfeeding rates in different parts of China vary considerably [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%