Breast-feeding among women exposed to polybrominated biphenyls in Michigan.

Thomas, Ann; Marcus, Michele; Zhang, Rebecca H.; Blanck, Heidi M.; Tolbert, Paige E.; Hertzberg, Vicki; Henderson, Alden; Rubin, Carol

doi:10.1289/ehp.01109133

Cited by 76 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Information regarding the incident and the registry cohort has been previously described (Carter, 1976;Landrigan et al, 1979;Meester, 1979;Fries, 1985). Follow-up interviews by telephone, termed the 1997 Michigan Female Health Study, were conducted from 1997 to 1998 with 1,185 women at least 18 years of age from the original cohort (Thomas et al, 2001;Kaiser et al, 2003). Five hundred seventy eight of these participants were mothers who consented to release birth certificate information for their children.…”

Section: Research Methods and Study Design Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal exposure to polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls: Infant birth weight and gestational age

Givens¹,

Small²,

Terrell³

et al. 2007

Chemosphere

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Understanding the influence of maternal exposures on gestational age and birth weight is essential given that pre-term and/or low birth weight infants are at risk for increased mortality and morbidity. We performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) through accidental contamination of cattle feed and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) through residual contamination in the geographic region. Our study population consisted of 444 mothers and their 899 infants born between 1975 and 1997. Using restricted maximum likelihood estimation, no significant association was found between estimated maternal serum PBB at conception or enrollment PCB levels and gestational age or infant birth weight in unadjusted models or in models that adjusted for maternal age, smoking, parity, infant gender, and decade of birth. For enrollment maternal serum PBB, no association was observed for gestational age. However, a negative association with high levels of enrollment maternal serum PBB and birth weight was suggested. We also examined the birth weight and gestational age among offspring of women with the highest (10%) PBB or PCB exposure, and observed no significant association. Because brominated compounds are currently used in consumer products and therefore, are increasingly prevalent in the environment, additional research is needed to better understand the potential relationship between in utero exposure to brominated compounds and adverse health outcomes.

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Section: Research Methods and Study Design Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal exposure to polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls: Infant birth weight and gestational age

Givens¹,

Small²,

Terrell³

et al. 2007

Chemosphere

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“…Chemical factors refer to all properties of the specific compound that affect its ability to be taken up in milk, such as molecular weight, lipid solubility, degree of ionization, and its ability to bind to maternal blood and/or milk components [11,51,52].…”

Section: Edcs and Breast Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors and Breast Milk

Stefanidou¹,

Maravelias

Spiliopoulou

2009

EMIDDT

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Endocrine system is one of the most sensitive communication networks of the human body which influences all aspects of human health and well-being, including reproductive potential, cognitive functions, thyroid and metabolism, digestion and hormonal balance. In recent years basic laboratory research has been focused on the potential relationship between environmental contaminants and cellular endocrine function. Environmental contaminants are ubiquitous in the environment, alter endocrine physiology and produce endocrine disruption without acting as classic toxicants. These endocrine disruptors (EDCs) are lipophilic and stored for long periods of time in the adipose tissue. Maternal exposure to EDCs during pregnancy and lactation has as a result the exposure of the fetus and neonate through placenta and breast milk. It has been recognized that human milk is the best natural food for neonates providing immunologic, developmental and practical advantages throughout childhood. However, contamination of human milk by the presence of environmental toxicants is widespread through the past decades due to inadequately controlled pollution. Persistent pesticides, chemical solvents and others tend to invade slowly the environment, to bioaccumulate in the food chain and to have long half-lives in animals and humans. During the past fifteen years, the scientific interest has been focused on xenoestrogens, i.e.,environmental chemicals with estrogen disrupting activity. Certain adverse health and reproductive outcomes are attributed to these chemicals in wildlife, in laboratory animals, as well as in humans. Although most toxic agents are hazardous in high doses, the human health risks associated with EDCs concern exposure to low doses. The human health risks that may be associated with these low-level but constant exposures are still largely unknown and highly controversial. In this paper, we review available data on environmental chemicals present in breast milk that may affect child health through breastfeeding. Specifically, we focused on the breast-feeding pharmacokinetic aspects related to infant exposure of chemical pollutants that have estrogen and antiandrogen activities, such as environmental estrogen disruptors or xenoestrogens.

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“…The Michigan Female Health Study (21)(22)(23)) is a follow-up investigation of female members of the Michigan PBB cohort. This analysis investigated the relationship between PBB exposure and endometriosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endometriosis Among Women Exposed to Polybrominated Biphenyls

Hoffman

Small

Blanck

et al. 2007

Annals of Epidemiology

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Purpose-We examined the association between endometriosis and exposure to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) among women inadvertently exposed to PBBs in 1973.Methods-Serum PBB and PCB were measured in the late 1970s. Women self-reported endometriosis at interview in 1997. We constructed Cox models to estimate the relative incidence of endometriosis in relation to PBB and PCB levels.Results-Seventy-nine of 943 women (9%) reported endometriosis. Compared to women with low PBB exposure (≤ 1 parts per billion [ppb]), women with moderate PBB (1-4 ppb) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.31) and high PBB (≥ 4 ppb) (HR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.51-1.59) exposure did not have increased incidence of endometriosis. Increased incidence of endometriosis was suggested among women exposed to moderate PCB (5-8 ppb) (HR = 1.67; 95% CI, 0.91-3.10) and high PCB (≥ 8 ppb) (HR = 1.68; 95% CI, 0.95-2.98) levels compared to low PCB exposure (≤ 5 ppb).Conclusions-Our study does not support an association between PBB exposure and endometriosis. Findings for serum PCB level are consistent with an emerging body of literature suggesting an association between PCB exposure and endometriosis.

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Breast-feeding among women exposed to polybrominated biphenyls in Michigan.

Cited by 76 publications

References 24 publications

Maternal exposure to polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls: Infant birth weight and gestational age

Maternal exposure to polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls: Infant birth weight and gestational age

Human Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors and Breast Milk

Endometriosis Among Women Exposed to Polybrominated Biphenyls

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