Breast disorders: a review for emergency physicians

Nonpuerperal breast abscess due to Prevotella bivia

“…They are due to milk stasis and bacterial proliferation. Bacteria of normal skin or oral flora are involved, especially Staphylococcus aureus 2,3 …”

“…Among the evoked pathogenetic mechanisms are periductal mastitis, infection arises in a cyst or a dilated duct, 7 follicular obstruction of the pilosebaceous unit, or rarely granulomatous lobular mastitis 8 . An inflammatory carcinoma is not excluded 2 . Treatment regimens generally include antibiotics and drainage (either ultrasound‐guided or surgical).…”

Seat belt injury to the female breast: review and discussion of its surgical management

“…Mammographic findings may include the disruption of a silicone gel breast implant, breast haematoma with or without skin thickening, dystrophic calcifications of fat necrosis or a spiculated mass suggestive of breast cancer 5,9 . Fat necrosis – a consequence of breast trauma in 21–70% of cases 13–15 – may be suggested by any one of a variety of radiographic appearances. Fat necrosis may appear on mammogram as lipid cysts with or without rim calcification, focal areas of increased density, calcifications of various sizes and morphologies, and on ultrasound, masses because of fat necrosis may be solid, complex or cystic 5,9 .…”

“…A management plan supported in the literature 1,11 suggests that all patients undergo a physical breast examination and baseline mammogram at 3–6 months post‐injury, with annual mammograms thereafter. The manifestations of breast trauma are often suspicious of carcinoma on clinical and imaging grounds, and thus, the aforementioned protocol, along with histological investigation, is widely advocated for patients who present with a post‐traumatic breast mass 1,3–5,9,14,15 . If any abnormalities are found on pathological evaluation of a core needle biopsy, or if the mass is painful to palpation and is the source of chronic breast pain, it is recommended that they are excised 1 .…”

“…The manifestations of breast trauma are often suspicious of carcinoma on clinical and imaging grounds, and thus, the aforementioned protocol, along with histological investigation, is widely advocated for patients who present with a post-traumatic breast mass. 1,[3][4][5]9,14,15 If any abnormalities are found on pathological evaluation of a core needle biopsy, or if the mass is painful to palpation and is the source of chronic breast pain, it is recommended that they are excised. 1 Pain may also be managed with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, narcotics and a professionally fitted bra.…”