Breast composition measurement with a cadmium-zinc-telluride based spectral computed tomography system

Ding, Huanjun; Ducote, Justin L.; Molloi, Sabee

doi:10.1118/1.3681273

Cited by 30 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…According to a previous simulation study, 15 the optimal imaging protocols, in terms of the tube voltage and the splitting energy for water, lipid, and protein decomposition were selected to be 100 kV(peak) and 42 keV in the current postmortem study, respectively. The measured open field x-ray spectrum is shown in Fig.…”

Section: C Dual Energy Image Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A calibration phantom was first imaged to determine the system calibration coefficients (a 0 , a 1 , and a 2 ) by least-squares fitting. 15 Then, the dual energy signals of the postmortem breasts were measured for the entire volumes, including skin, and inputted into the calibration function to determine the image-based volumetric fractions of the three contents (water, lipid, and protein)…”

Section: C Dual Energy Image Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The voxel values in the reconstructed dual energy CT images were represented by the effective attenuation coefficients for the corresponding energy bins, which were used for dual energy decomposition. 15 Three-material decomposition was achieved with an additional constraint, which assumed that the total volume of F. 2.…”

Section: C Dual Energy Image Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, breast CT offers the opportunity to characterize suspicious lesions according to its composition with spectral imaging. 15,16 A recent report suggests that, in addition to irregular mass shape, speculated mass margin, and patient age, an increase in mammographic attenuation of a mass also increases its likelihood of malignancy. 17 However, high mass density by itself is not sufficiently accurate to avert the need for a biopsy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent development of photon-counting x-ray detectors capable of counting individual photons and sorting them by energy offers unique advantages in tissue characterization. 15,[27][28][29] A proper selection of the energy threshold can minimize the spectral overlap and allow simultaneous acquisition of the dual energy images within a single scan, which eliminates the risks of misregistration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breast tissue decomposition with spectral distortion correction: A postmortem study

et al. 2014

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Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of an accurate measurement of water, lipid, and protein composition of breast tissue using a photon-counting spectral computed tomography (CT) with spectral distortion corrections. Methods: Thirty-eight postmortem breasts were imaged with a cadmium-zinc-telluride-based photon-counting spectral CT system at 100 kV. The energy-resolving capability of the photon-counting detector was used to separate photons into low and high energy bins with a splitting energy of 42 keV. The estimated mean glandular dose for each breast ranged from 1.8 to 2.2 mGy. Two spectral distortion correction techniques were implemented, respectively, on the raw images to correct the nonlinear detector response due to pulse pileup and charge-sharing artifacts. Dual energy decomposition was then used to characterize each breast in terms of water, lipid, and protein content. In the meantime, the breasts were chemically decomposed into their respective water, lipid, and protein components to provide a gold standard for comparison with dual energy decomposition results. Results: The accuracy of the tissue compositional measurement with spectral CT was determined by comparing to the reference standard from chemical analysis. The averaged root-mean-square error in percentage composition was reduced from 15.5% to 2.8% after spectral distortion corrections. Conclusions:The results indicate that spectral CT can be used to quantify the water, lipid, and protein content in breast tissue. The accuracy of the compositional analysis depends on the applied spectral distortion correction technique. C 2014 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [http://dx

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Section: C Dual Energy Image Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C Dual Energy Image Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C Dual Energy Image Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breast tissue decomposition with spectral distortion correction: A postmortem study

et al. 2014

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Nanoparticle contrast agents for computed tomography: a focus on micelles

Cormode

Naha

Fayad

2014

Contrast Media & Molecular

284

234

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Computed tomography (CT) is an X-ray based whole body imaging technique that is widely used in medicine. Clinically approved contrast agents for CT are iodinated small molecules or barium suspensions. Over the past seven years there has been a great increase in the development of nanoparticles as CT contrast agents. Nanoparticles have several advantages over small molecule CT contrast agents, such as long blood-pool residence times, and the potential for cell tracking and targeted imaging applications. Furthermore, there is a need for novel CT contrast agents, due to the growing population of renally impaired patients and patients hypersensitive to iodinated contrast. Micelles and lipoproteins, a micelle-related class of nanoparticle, have notably been adapted as CT contrast agents. In this review we discuss the principles of CT image formation and the generation of CT contrast. We discuss the progress in developing non-targeted, targeted and cell tracking nanoparticle CT contrast agents. We feature agents based on micelles and used in conjunction with spectral CT. The large contrast agent doses needed will necessitate careful toxicology studies prior to clinical translation. However, the field has seen tremendous advances in the past decade and we expect many more advances to come in the next decade.

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Quantitative contrast‐enhanced spectral mammography based on photon‐counting detectors: A feasibility study

Ding

Molloi

2017

Medical Physics

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Purpose To investigate the feasibility of accurate quantification of iodine mass thickness in contrast-enhanced spectral mammography. Materials and Methods A computer simulation model was developed to evaluate the performance of a photon-counting spectral mammography system in the application of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography. A figure-of-merit (FOM), which was defined as the decomposed iodine signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with respect to the square root of the mean glandular dose (MGD), was chosen to optimize the imaging parameters, in terms of beam energy, splitting energy, and pre-filtrations for breasts of various thicknesses and densities. Experimental phantom studies were also performed using a beam energy of 40 kVp and a splitting energy of 34 keV with 3 mm Al pre-filtration. A two-step calibration method was investigated to quantify the iodine mass thickness, and was validated using phantoms composed of a mixture of glandular and adipose materials, for various breast thicknesses and densities. Finally, the traditional dual-energy log-weighted subtraction method was also studied as a comparison. The measured iodine signal from both methods was compared to the known value to characterize the quantification accuracy and precision. Results The optimal imaging parameters, which lead to the highest FOM, were found at a beam energy between 42 to 46 kVp with a splitting energy at 34 keV. The optimal tube voltage decreased as the breast thickness or the Al pre-filtration increased. The proposed quantification method was able to measure iodine mass thickness on phantoms of various thicknesses and densities with high accuracy. The root-mean-square (RMS) error for cm-scale lesion phantoms was estimated to be 0.20 mg/cm2. The precision of the technique, characterized by the standard deviation of the measurements, was estimated to be 0.18 mg/cm2. The traditional weighted subtraction method also predicted a linear correlation between the measured signal and the known iodine mass thickness. However, the correlation slope and offset values were strongly dependent on the total breast thickness and density. Conclusion The results of the current study suggest that iodine mass thickness for cm-scale lesions can be accurately quantified with contrast-enhanced spectral mammography. The quantitative information can potentially improve the differential power for malignancy.

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Breast composition measurement with a cadmium-zinc-telluride based spectral computed tomography system

Abstract: The results of this study suggest that the CZT-based photon-counting detector may be employed in the CT system to quantify the water, lipid, and protein mass densities in tissue with a relatively good agreement.

Cited by 30 publications

References 52 publications

Breast tissue decomposition with spectral distortion correction: A postmortem study

Breast tissue decomposition with spectral distortion correction: A postmortem study

Nanoparticle contrast agents for computed tomography: a focus on micelles

Quantitative contrast‐enhanced spectral mammography based on photon‐counting detectors: A feasibility study

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