Breast Cancer, Version 1.2016

Gradishar, William J.; Anderson, Benjamin O.; Balassanian, Ronald; Blair, Sarah L.; Burstein, Harold J.; Cyr, Amy; Elias, Anthony; Farrar, William B.; Forero, Andres; Giordano, Sharon H.; Goetz, Matthew P.; Goldstein, Lori J.; Hudis, Clifford A.; Isakoff, Steven J.; Marcom, P. Kelly; Mayer, Ingrid A.; McCormick, Beryl; Moran, Meena S.; Patel, Sameer A.; Pierce, Lori J.; Reed, Elizabeth; Salerno, Kilian E.; Schwartzberg, Lee S.; Smith, Karen L.; Smith, Mary Lou; Soliman, Hatem; Somlo, George; Telli, Melinda L.; Ward, John H.; Shead, Dottie A.; Kumar, Rashmi

doi:10.6004/jnccn.2015.0176

Cited by 151 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Clinicopathological significance of the KIF18A expression ratio in breast cancer. carcinomas (28). Several next-generation mitotic drug targets have been developed, and small molecule inhibitors that have been identified are already under investigation in clinical trials (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological relevance of kinesin family member 18A expression in invasive breast cancer

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Recently, kinesin motor proteins have been focused on as targets for cancer therapy. Kinesins are microtubule-based motor proteins that mediate diverse functions within the cell, including the transport of vesicles, organelles, chromosomes and protein complexes, as well as the movement of microtubules. In the current study, the expression of kinesin family member 18A (KIF18A), a member of kinesin superfamily, was investigated in breast cancer using immunohistochemistry, and its effect on breast cancer prognosis was examined. KIF18A expression level was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.047). In patients with high levels of KIF18A expression, survival was significantly poorer compared to patients with low levels of KIF18A expression (disease-free survival, P=0.030). Multivariate analysis revealed that venous invasion (hazard ratio, 9.22; 95% confidence interval, 3.90-23.66; P<0.001) and KIF18A expression (hazard ratio, 3.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-6.09; P=0.010) were independent predictive factors for lymph node metastasis. KIF18A may be a useful predictive marker for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer, which could facilitate curative adjuvant treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological relevance of kinesin family member 18A expression in invasive breast cancer

et al. 2016

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“…Although no definitive conclusion was made with regard to the interaction between CYP2D6 inhibitors and tamoxifen, NCCN and ASCO recommend that concomitant use of CYP2D6 inhibitors and tamoxifen should be avoided due to drug-drug interactions [74][75][76].…”

Section: Recommendations and Clinical Guidelines American Society Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does CYP2D6 Genotyping have a Role in Guiding Tamoxifen Therapy?

Mokbel¹,

Mokbel²

2017

Biochem Mol biol J

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Inter-individual variability to drug response is a major concern in the field of oncology. In the era of "targeted" therapy, optimal treatment outcomes can be achieved by more individualized initial dosing and/or alternative treatment according to the patient's genetic make-up. Although several genes are responsible for the interindividual variability in drug metabolism and response, the Cytochrome P450 enzymes are the most widely validated and clinically utilized. Pharmacogenetic testing of CYP2D6 alleles was the first FDA approved test due to its involvement in the metabolism of a wide range of drugs such as the anti-cancer drug tamoxifen (Nolvadex ® ), to which clinical response varies widely among patients.Identifying determinants and predictors of the variable response or non-response to tamoxifen can facilitate therapeutic dose measurement or even determine the choice of alternative agents (e.g. aromatase inhibitors). Several clinical trials have shown that genetic variants associated with slower metabolism of tamoxifen may lead to lower than expected blood levels of its pharmacologically active metabolites and thus shorter recurrence-free survival. CYP2D6 genotyping can be clinically useful for selecting adjuvant therapy, improving the clinical outcome of tamoxifen and potentially reducing overall costs of treatment. However, CYP2D6 phenotypebased recommendations for tamoxifen have not been developed and guidelines linking the CYP2D6 status to personalized oncologic care do not exist and therefore clinicians' uptake of the testing has remained very low. Large prospective randomized clinical trials are required to assess whether CYP2D6 genotype can robustly predict treatment outcome of tamoxifen and improve overall survival.

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“…factors and molecules like interferon gamma (IFNγ) [13,15]. Therefore, PD-L1 is a valuable prognostic marker; the correlation between PD-L1 expression infiltration of tumor by lymphocytes (TILs) [16], high histological grade of tumor [17] and worse clinical outcome [18] is already determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%