“…When BioMed Central introduced APCs across its portfolio of journals, numerous editorials were published to justify this decision. The publisher stated that, since authors obtained the reward for publication, it was logical that they ‘cover the costs of peer review and publication’ (Schnelle et al, 2003, p. 218). In addition to underlining the benefits of access without economic barriers, to other scientists and the general public, the publisher gave three reasons to justify the APC model: it was more sustainable than the traditional subscription model and its price increases beyond inflation and library budgets (Marincola, 2003; Schnelle et al, 2003); authors retained copyright so the article could be published freely on the web, submitted to interested readers and colleagues and article components could be utilized in other publications without a request for permission (Bukovsky & Bazer, 2003); and free online articles were cited more because of their greater availability (Mathers & Murray, 2003; Velterop, 2003).…”