Breast cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review

Keshavarz, Samaneh; Wall, Jack R.; Keshavarz, Somayeh; Vojoudi, Elham; Jafari-Shakib, Reza

doi:10.1007/s10238-023-01177-z

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…As abnormal cells, tumor cells can be recognized and eliminated by the body's immune system under normal circumstances. Immunotherapy has also been carried out in a series of studies in BRCA, although its effect is not as significant as in lung cancer, melanoma, and other tumors, it has achieved a certain effect in triple-negative BRCA (23,24), while the results in HR-positive/HER2-negative and HER2-positive BRCA are still immature or the efficacy needs further exploration (25). At present, the immune checkpoint inhibitor used in BRCA clinics is programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) programmed death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1), and other immune checkpoint inhibitors are still being studied and explored (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new 4-gene-based prognostic model accurately predicts breast cancer prognosis and immunotherapy response by integrating WGCNA and bioinformatics analysis

Chen,

Kang,

Sheng

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundBreast cancer (BRCA) is a common malignancy in women, and its resistance to immunotherapy is a major challenge. Abnormal expression of genes is important in the occurrence and development of BRCA and may also affect the prognosis of patients. Although many BRCA prognosis model scores have been developed, they are only applicable to a limited number of disease subtypes. Our goal is to develop a new prognostic score that is more accurate and applicable to a wider range of BRCA patients.MethodsBRCA patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to identify breast cancer-related genes (BRGs). Differential expression analysis of BRGs was performed using the ‘limma’ package in R. Prognostic BRGs were identified using co-expression and univariate Cox analysis. A predictive model of four BRGs was established using Cox regression and the LASSO algorithm. Model performance was evaluated using K-M survival and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The predictive ability of the signature in immune microenvironment and immunotherapy was investigated. In vitro experiments validated POLQ function.ResultsOur study identified a four-BRG prognostic signature that outperformed conventional clinicopathological characteristics in predicting survival outcomes in BRCA patients. The signature effectively stratified BRCA patients into high- and low-risk groups and showed potential in predicting the response to immunotherapy. Notably, significant differences were observed in immune cell abundance between the two groups. In vitro experiments demonstrated that POLQ knockdown significantly reduced the viability, proliferation, and invasion capacity of MDA-MB-231 or HCC1806 cells.ConclusionOur 4-BRG signature has the potential as an independent biomarker for predicting prognosis and treatment response in BRCA patients, complementing existing clinicopathological characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new 4-gene-based prognostic model accurately predicts breast cancer prognosis and immunotherapy response by integrating WGCNA and bioinformatics analysis

Chen,

Kang,

Sheng

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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show abstract

“…Currently available immunotherapeutic approaches are generally not indicated to be selective for TASCs. For example, many immunotherapy approaches are available for breast cancer [ 49 ] including different subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer [ 50 ]. None of those immunotherapy approaches seems to have been designed to specifically target TASCs, which have shown increased resistance to immunotherapy [ 51 ].…”

Section: Cancer Immunotherapy Could Also Be Anti-agingmentioning

confidence: 99%